Health & Illness 2 MNL Final Questions
and Answers
What are the functions of the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Dilate bronchioles
2. Promote hyperglycemia
3. Decrease bone resorption
4. Stimulate the heart
5.Constrict blood vessels - answer 1, 2, 3, 4
What are the effects of age-related changes to the pancreas?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Lower basal metabolic rate
2. Reduced fat absorption
3. Increased incidence of hypertension
4. Intolerance of fatty foods
5. Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins - answer 2, 4, 5
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
1. Cirrhosis
2. Diabetes mellitus
3. Obesity
4. Graves disease - answer 4. Graves disease
Which disorders of metabolism affect men and women equally in the United States?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Obesity
2. Acid-base imbalance
3. Osteoporosis
4. Thyroid disorders
5. Diabetes - answer 1, 5
What are nonmodifiable risk factors for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Exposure to cold weather
2. Change in processing of metals and proteins
3. Presence of HLA-DR3 and DR4 genes
4. Exposure to viruses
,5. Genetic inheritance from both parents - answer 1, 3, 4, 5
What two assessment techniques determine calcium balance?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Tuning fork response
2. Trousseau sign
3. Safety pin response
4. Chvostek sign
5. Cotton wisp response - answer 2, 4
Which tests are used to assess the structure and function of the endocrine system
organs?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Hemoglobin
2. White blood cell count
3. Bilirubin level
4. Hemoglobin A1C
5. Serum albumin - answer 3, 4, 5
For which alterations in metabolism would the expertise of an exercise physiologist be
applicable?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Cirrhosis
2. Osteoporosis
3. Thyroid disease
4. Diabetes
5. Obesity - answer 2, 4, 5
For which alteration in metabolism are bisphosphonates usually prescribed?
1. Osteoporosis
2. Hypothyroidism
3. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
4. Cirrhosis - answer 1. Osteoporosis
The nurse notes that Jerome Higgins, a 45-year-old client with diabetes mellitus, has an
elevated blood pressure. Which endocrine organ does the nurse identify as being
responsible for this change in blood pressure?
1. Parathyroid glands
2. Thyroid gland
3. Anterior pituitary
4. Adrenal cortex - answer 4. Adrenal cortex
,Lenora Gonzalez, an obese 50-year-old female, is being seen for an annual physical
examination. Which diagnostic screening does the nurse anticipate will be ordered for
Mrs. Gonzalez?
1. Thyroid panel
2. Blood glucose levels
3. Liver function tests
4. Serum vitamin D level - answer 1. Thyroid panel
The nurse is preparing to palpate the thyroid gland of Maria Hetherington, a 68-year-old
female with a new onset of weight gain. What should the nurse ask Mrs. Hetherington to
do while conducting this assessment?
1. Shrug the shoulders
2. Swallow
3. Cough
4. Tilt the head forward - answer 2. Swallow
The nurse is preparing to instruct Mary Jane Cassidy, a 68-year-old client, on the newly
prescribed medication methimazole (Tapazole). What should the nurse include when
teaching Ms. Cassidy about this medication?
1. Avoid taking aspirin with this medication
2. Take the same time every day
3. Count radial pulse rate for a minute before taking
4. Take one hour before meals - answer 2. Take the same time every day
Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of which complication?
1. Encephalopathy
2. Heart failure
3. Coronary artery disease
4. End-stage renal disease - answer 4. End-stage renal disease
Which is a pathophysiological feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Complete destruction of beta cells
2. Complete insulin deficiency
3. Inadequate insulin production
4. Insulin resistance
5. Ketone production - answer 3, 4
A young client is admitted for lethargy and weight loss. Which clinical manifestation
would the nurse suspect for a potential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
(Select all that apply.)
, 1. Fever
2. Polyuria
3. Weight gain
4. Glucosuria
5. Blurred vision - answer 2, 4, 5
Which risk factor is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Weight loss
2. Blood pressure greater than or equals≥ 130/85 mmHg
3. Physical inactivity
4. HDL cholesterol greater than or equals≥ 35 mg/dl
5. Triglyceride level greater than or equals≥ 250 mg/dl - answer 2, 3, 5
The nurse is taking a health history from a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which
symptom reported by the client may indicate the development of complications?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Numbness in the feet
2. Frequent voiding of urine
3. Dizziness
4. Quick wound healing
5. Vision changes - answer 1, 2, 3, 5
Which is a priority teaching point for the nurse to provide to a client with new-onset
diabetes mellitus?
1. Complications may be caused by neuropathy.
2. Sense of touch and perception of pain may be absent.
3. Foot complications will arise when blood glucose levels are either too high or too low.
4. There may be vascular changes in the upper extremities. - answer 2. Sense of
touch and perception of pain may be absent.
Walter Wariner, an 82-year-old man, reports frequent bouts of nausea and indigestion.
He tells the nurse that he has been experiencing numbness and tingling in his feet.
Which is the best response by the nurse?
1. "These may be signs of hypertension. You should have your blood pressure
checked."
2. "These are normal signs of aging. There is no need to worry."
3. "These may be signs of renal failure. You should have your kidneys checked."
4. "These may be symptoms of diabetes mellitus. You should have your blood sugar
checked." - answer 4. "These may be symptoms of diabetes mellitus. You should
have your blood sugar checked."
and Answers
What are the functions of the hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Dilate bronchioles
2. Promote hyperglycemia
3. Decrease bone resorption
4. Stimulate the heart
5.Constrict blood vessels - answer 1, 2, 3, 4
What are the effects of age-related changes to the pancreas?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Lower basal metabolic rate
2. Reduced fat absorption
3. Increased incidence of hypertension
4. Intolerance of fatty foods
5. Decreased absorption of fat-soluble vitamins - answer 2, 4, 5
What is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism?
1. Cirrhosis
2. Diabetes mellitus
3. Obesity
4. Graves disease - answer 4. Graves disease
Which disorders of metabolism affect men and women equally in the United States?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Obesity
2. Acid-base imbalance
3. Osteoporosis
4. Thyroid disorders
5. Diabetes - answer 1, 5
What are nonmodifiable risk factors for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Exposure to cold weather
2. Change in processing of metals and proteins
3. Presence of HLA-DR3 and DR4 genes
4. Exposure to viruses
,5. Genetic inheritance from both parents - answer 1, 3, 4, 5
What two assessment techniques determine calcium balance?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Tuning fork response
2. Trousseau sign
3. Safety pin response
4. Chvostek sign
5. Cotton wisp response - answer 2, 4
Which tests are used to assess the structure and function of the endocrine system
organs?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Hemoglobin
2. White blood cell count
3. Bilirubin level
4. Hemoglobin A1C
5. Serum albumin - answer 3, 4, 5
For which alterations in metabolism would the expertise of an exercise physiologist be
applicable?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Cirrhosis
2. Osteoporosis
3. Thyroid disease
4. Diabetes
5. Obesity - answer 2, 4, 5
For which alteration in metabolism are bisphosphonates usually prescribed?
1. Osteoporosis
2. Hypothyroidism
3. Type 2 diabetes mellitus
4. Cirrhosis - answer 1. Osteoporosis
The nurse notes that Jerome Higgins, a 45-year-old client with diabetes mellitus, has an
elevated blood pressure. Which endocrine organ does the nurse identify as being
responsible for this change in blood pressure?
1. Parathyroid glands
2. Thyroid gland
3. Anterior pituitary
4. Adrenal cortex - answer 4. Adrenal cortex
,Lenora Gonzalez, an obese 50-year-old female, is being seen for an annual physical
examination. Which diagnostic screening does the nurse anticipate will be ordered for
Mrs. Gonzalez?
1. Thyroid panel
2. Blood glucose levels
3. Liver function tests
4. Serum vitamin D level - answer 1. Thyroid panel
The nurse is preparing to palpate the thyroid gland of Maria Hetherington, a 68-year-old
female with a new onset of weight gain. What should the nurse ask Mrs. Hetherington to
do while conducting this assessment?
1. Shrug the shoulders
2. Swallow
3. Cough
4. Tilt the head forward - answer 2. Swallow
The nurse is preparing to instruct Mary Jane Cassidy, a 68-year-old client, on the newly
prescribed medication methimazole (Tapazole). What should the nurse include when
teaching Ms. Cassidy about this medication?
1. Avoid taking aspirin with this medication
2. Take the same time every day
3. Count radial pulse rate for a minute before taking
4. Take one hour before meals - answer 2. Take the same time every day
Diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of which complication?
1. Encephalopathy
2. Heart failure
3. Coronary artery disease
4. End-stage renal disease - answer 4. End-stage renal disease
Which is a pathophysiological feature of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Complete destruction of beta cells
2. Complete insulin deficiency
3. Inadequate insulin production
4. Insulin resistance
5. Ketone production - answer 3, 4
A young client is admitted for lethargy and weight loss. Which clinical manifestation
would the nurse suspect for a potential diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus?
(Select all that apply.)
, 1. Fever
2. Polyuria
3. Weight gain
4. Glucosuria
5. Blurred vision - answer 2, 4, 5
Which risk factor is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Weight loss
2. Blood pressure greater than or equals≥ 130/85 mmHg
3. Physical inactivity
4. HDL cholesterol greater than or equals≥ 35 mg/dl
5. Triglyceride level greater than or equals≥ 250 mg/dl - answer 2, 3, 5
The nurse is taking a health history from a client who has diabetes mellitus. Which
symptom reported by the client may indicate the development of complications?
(Select all that apply.)
1. Numbness in the feet
2. Frequent voiding of urine
3. Dizziness
4. Quick wound healing
5. Vision changes - answer 1, 2, 3, 5
Which is a priority teaching point for the nurse to provide to a client with new-onset
diabetes mellitus?
1. Complications may be caused by neuropathy.
2. Sense of touch and perception of pain may be absent.
3. Foot complications will arise when blood glucose levels are either too high or too low.
4. There may be vascular changes in the upper extremities. - answer 2. Sense of
touch and perception of pain may be absent.
Walter Wariner, an 82-year-old man, reports frequent bouts of nausea and indigestion.
He tells the nurse that he has been experiencing numbness and tingling in his feet.
Which is the best response by the nurse?
1. "These may be signs of hypertension. You should have your blood pressure
checked."
2. "These are normal signs of aging. There is no need to worry."
3. "These may be signs of renal failure. You should have your kidneys checked."
4. "These may be symptoms of diabetes mellitus. You should have your blood sugar
checked." - answer 4. "These may be symptoms of diabetes mellitus. You should
have your blood sugar checked."
