Pharmacology Nurs 251 Module 6 Exam Questions And Correct Answers (Infectious Diseases / Antibiotics ) Portage Learning 2023/2024 Graded A+

PHARMACOLOGY NURS 251 MODULE 6 EXAM QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWERS (Infectious diseases / antibiotics ) PORTAGE LEARNING 2023/2024 GRADED A+. 2 / 9 1. Antibiotic: drugsthat have the ability to destroy or interfere with the developmentof a living organism, typically bacteria. 2. Infectious diseases: caused by pathogenic (disease-causing) organisms suchas bacteria, fungi, and parasites as well as by viruses. 3. Bacteria: defined as single-celled microorganisms.They can be found virtuallyeverywhere and can either be harmless or very dangerous. 4. Bacteria can be classified as either:: - Gram-positive or Gram-negative.Thisclassification refers to how they respond to the Gram stain procedure. - whether they are an aerobe or anaerobe 5. Gram-positive: bacteria stain purple 6. Gram-negative:stain pink - Gram-negative bacterial infections are harder to treat because Gram-negativebacteria have a more complex cell wall structure. 7. Aerobe: a bacterium that grows in the presence of air or requires oxygen forgrowth 8. Anaerobe: a bacterium that does not require oxygen in order to grow.Anaerobes,for instance, are most commonly found in the GI tract. 9. it is important to understand generally that bacteria do not simply cause a single disease: rather, multiple disorders are possible depending on where in the body the bacteria accumulate.: For example, the bacteria streptococcus pyogenesisthe specific bacteria responsible for the common throat infection knownas strep throat. This bacterium is spread through airborne droplets when someone with the bacteria coughs orsneezes.It can also be spread by sharing food or drinks.When the bacteria spread through the air or even food, the throat is one of the firstcontact points in the body, which makes strep throat a common result. However, if ithappened to be transferred via contact with a contaminated surface and the personhad an open sore, the very same bacteria could cause an entirely different infection, in this case, a skin infection. There are also common infections associated term-13with certain bacteria based on where they are found naturally or how the pathogen is acquired. Take for in- stance, the bacteria E.coli.Although typically found within the intestines of a healthyindividual, when someone becomes exposed to a pathogenic strain of E.coli, oftenvia contaminated food, it often presents as diarrhea 3 / 9 because of where the bacterianaturally end up by way of the digestive tract. One last factorisrelated to where the person contractsthe infection—different typesof bacteria are found in the environmental community compared to a healthcare setting. 10. health care associated infection: - an infection acquired during the course ofreceiving treatment for another condition in a health care institution. 4 / 9 - Generally, healthcare-associated infections are much more difficult to treat be-cause the microorganisms have been exposed to strong antibiotics in the past; therefore, they are resistant to many treatments. 11. Examples of common Gram positive/negative bacteria: Gram positive:staphylococcus aureus- skin & skin structure infection streptococcus progenies -strep throat enterococcus faecalis- UTI Gram negative: psueodomonas aeruginosa- meningitis, pneumoniaklebsiella pneumoniae - UTI, pneumonia, escherichia coli- pneumonia, UTI, diarrhea enterobacter species- urinary & respiratory tract infections 12. Antibiotic spectrum: bacteria that are susceptible to the antibacterial actionsof a particular drug. 13. Broad Spectrum: an antibiotic that is effective against a wide variety of bothGram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. 14. Bacteria Resistance: the ability of some bacteria to resist the actions of antibi-otics. 15. MRSA: - stands for methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus. - Methicillin is a penicillin-related antibiotic that was previously effective against resistant staph infections. However, over time, an even more drug-resistant strain developed and was termed MRSA. MRSA infections have become a major problembecause none of the penicillin-class drugs are effective against it.In fact, only a fewantibiotics, such as Vancomycin, have demonstrated effectiveness. 16. Antibiotic classification:: - most often based on