NSG530-EXAM 2 WILKES
EXAM WITH ALL ANSWERS
1. Autoimmunity:vreactionvofvimmunevresponsevtovone'svownvtissues
2. Tolerance:vself-antigensvnotvnormallyvseenvbyvthevimmunevsystem
3. Mostvcommonvautoimmunevdisease:vSystemicvlupusverythematosusv(SLE
4. Typev1vDM,vMS,vRA:vnotablevautoimmunevdiseases
5. SLE:vchronicvautoimmunevinflammatoryvdiseasevthatvaffectsvmanyvbod
yvsystems-vmorevwomenvthenvmen
6. ClinicalvManifestationsvofvSLE:v-varthralgiasvorvarthritis
- vasculitisvandvrash
- renalvdisease
- hematologicvchanges,vespeciallyvanemia
- cardiovascularvdisease
7. SLEvPositivevLabs:vANAvscreen
8. Alloimmunity:vImmunevreactionvtovtissuesvofvanothervindividual
9. x3valloimmunityvreactions:vtransfusionvreactions,vtransplantvreaction
s,vfetusvduringvpregnancy
10.Alloantigens:vnonselfvantigensvfromvmembersvofvthevsamevspecies
11.transfusionvreaction:vavserious,vandvpotentiallyvfatal,vcomplicationvofva
vbloodvtransfusionvinvwhichvavseverevimmunevresponsevoccursvbecausevt
hevpatient'svbloodvandvthevdonatedvbloodvdovnotvmatch
12.universalvdonor:vTypevOvblood
13.universalvrecipient:vtypevABvblood
14.TypevAvbloodvhas antibodiesvinvthevbloodvplasma.:vBvantibodies
15.Rhvbloodvtype:vPresencevorvabsencevofvRhvfactorv(antigenvD)vonveryth
rocytesvdeterminesvifvbloodvtypevisvpositivevorvnegative
16.Hemoliticvdiseasevofvthevnewborn:vRhv-vmothers,vRhv+vfetuses
17.Rhogram:vantigenvDvimmunoglobulin-
Rhvincompatibilityv(necessaryvforvRhvnegativevmothersvwhovgivevbirt
hvtovanvRhvpositivevbaby;vpreventsvhemolyticvdiseasevofvthevnewborn
)
18.DvantigenvexpressedvonvRBC:vRhvbloodvgroup
1v/
, NSG530-EXAM 2 WILKES
EXAM WITH ALL ANSWERS
19.Transpantvrejection:vMHCsvarevavmajorvtarget
20.TransplantvReactionvClassifications:vhyperacute,vacute,vchronic
21. transplantvreactionvthatvisvimmediatevandvrare-vwhatvhappensvtovtissue?:v
hyperacute,vinstant,vgraftvturnsvwhitevinsteadvofvpink
22.transplantvreactions-
vacutevandvchronicvarevwhatvtypevofvreactions?:vtypevIVv(4)
23.HTNvandvdiabetesvarevriskvfactorsvforvwhichvtransplantvreactions?:vchroni
24.immunevdeficiency:vthevlossvofvthevbody'svabilityvtovrespondvtovantig
ensvandvepitopes
25.primaryvimmunodeficiency:vcongenital;vusuallyvgeneticverrors
2v/
, NSG530-EXAM 2 WILKES
EXAM WITH ALL ANSWERS
26.secondaryvimmunodeficiency:v(acquired)vlossvofvimmunevfunctionin
gvasvavresultvofvanvillnessvorvtreatment
27.ImmunevDeficiencies:vCongenitalv[Bruton,vDiGeorge,vSCID]vandvac
quiredv[HIV/AIDS]
28.DiGeorgevSyndrome:vcongenital-vfailurev3rd/
4thvpharyngealvpouchesvtovdevel-vop;vTvcellvdeficiency;vabsentvthymus
29.Barevlymphocytevsyndrome:v1.vPartialvorvcompletevdeficiencyvinvMHCvIv
orvMHCvII
2. Patientsvhavevanvincreasedvsusceptibilityvtovviralvandvopportunisticvinfe
tions
3. Symptoms:vrangevfromvnonevtovseverevcombined
immunevdeficiency,vdependingvonvnumbervofvMHCvexpressed
30.PredominantlyvAntibodyvDeficiencies:v-
mostvcommonvimmunevdeficiency
-defectivevB-cellvdevelopment
31.Hypogammaglobulinemia:vanvabnormallyvlowvconcentrationvofvgamma
vglobu-vlinvinvthevbloodvandvincreasedvriskvofvinfection
32.Agammaglobulinemia:vdisordervmarkedvbyvanvalmostvcompletevlac
kvofvim-vmunoglobulinsvorvantibodies
33.Phagocytevdefects:vInadequatevnumbersvorvdefectsvinvfunctionvofvphag
cytes
34.ChronicvGranulomatousvDiseasev(CGD):vdefectvinvNADPHvoxidasev’v‘vsus
cep-
vtibilityvtovinfectionsvwithvcatalasev+vorganismsv(S.vaureus, vAspergillus,vet
c...)
35.DefectsvinvInnatevImmunity:v-
Defectvinvcapacityvtovproducevimmunevresponse
-Chronicvmucocutaneousvcandidiasis
36.Complementvdeficiencies:vrepeatedvinfectionsvofvencapsulatedvpathoge
ns
37.IVIGv(intravenousvimmunoglobulin):vMostlyv*IgG*vpooledvfromvdonorsvt
ovgivevhighvlevelsvofvprotection
Usedvfor:v*immunodeficiencies*
38.secondaryvdeficiencyvexamples:vpregnancy,vburns,vemotionalvtrauma,v
eatingvdisorders,vdiabetes,vsicklevcell
39.Maligancies:vvirtuallyvallvarevcomplicatedvbyvimmunosuppression
40.AIDSv(acquiredvimmunevdeficiencyvsyndrome):vImmunevsystemvdisease
vcausedvbyvthevHumanvImmunodeficiency vVirusv(HIV)vwhichvovervavperio
3v/
, NSG530-EXAM 2 WILKES
EXAM WITH ALL ANSWERS
dvofvyearsvweakensvthevcapacityvofvthevimmunevsystemvtovfightvoffvinfect
ionvsovthatvweightvlossvandvweaknessvsetvinvandvothervafflictionsvsuchvasv
cancervorvpneumoniavmayvhastenvanvinfectedvperson'svdemise
41.HIVvaffectsvwhatvcells?:vinfectsvandvdestroysvCD4vandvThvcells
42.HIVvepidemiology:v-Blood-bornevpathogen
-Heterosexualvactivityvisvmostvcommonvroutevworldwide
-WomenvaffectedvbyvHIV/AIDSvmorevoften
4v/
EXAM WITH ALL ANSWERS
1. Autoimmunity:vreactionvofvimmunevresponsevtovone'svownvtissues
2. Tolerance:vself-antigensvnotvnormallyvseenvbyvthevimmunevsystem
3. Mostvcommonvautoimmunevdisease:vSystemicvlupusverythematosusv(SLE
4. Typev1vDM,vMS,vRA:vnotablevautoimmunevdiseases
5. SLE:vchronicvautoimmunevinflammatoryvdiseasevthatvaffectsvmanyvbod
yvsystems-vmorevwomenvthenvmen
6. ClinicalvManifestationsvofvSLE:v-varthralgiasvorvarthritis
- vasculitisvandvrash
- renalvdisease
- hematologicvchanges,vespeciallyvanemia
- cardiovascularvdisease
7. SLEvPositivevLabs:vANAvscreen
8. Alloimmunity:vImmunevreactionvtovtissuesvofvanothervindividual
9. x3valloimmunityvreactions:vtransfusionvreactions,vtransplantvreaction
s,vfetusvduringvpregnancy
10.Alloantigens:vnonselfvantigensvfromvmembersvofvthevsamevspecies
11.transfusionvreaction:vavserious,vandvpotentiallyvfatal,vcomplicationvofva
vbloodvtransfusionvinvwhichvavseverevimmunevresponsevoccursvbecausevt
hevpatient'svbloodvandvthevdonatedvbloodvdovnotvmatch
12.universalvdonor:vTypevOvblood
13.universalvrecipient:vtypevABvblood
14.TypevAvbloodvhas antibodiesvinvthevbloodvplasma.:vBvantibodies
15.Rhvbloodvtype:vPresencevorvabsencevofvRhvfactorv(antigenvD)vonveryth
rocytesvdeterminesvifvbloodvtypevisvpositivevorvnegative
16.Hemoliticvdiseasevofvthevnewborn:vRhv-vmothers,vRhv+vfetuses
17.Rhogram:vantigenvDvimmunoglobulin-
Rhvincompatibilityv(necessaryvforvRhvnegativevmothersvwhovgivevbirt
hvtovanvRhvpositivevbaby;vpreventsvhemolyticvdiseasevofvthevnewborn
)
18.DvantigenvexpressedvonvRBC:vRhvbloodvgroup
1v/
, NSG530-EXAM 2 WILKES
EXAM WITH ALL ANSWERS
19.Transpantvrejection:vMHCsvarevavmajorvtarget
20.TransplantvReactionvClassifications:vhyperacute,vacute,vchronic
21. transplantvreactionvthatvisvimmediatevandvrare-vwhatvhappensvtovtissue?:v
hyperacute,vinstant,vgraftvturnsvwhitevinsteadvofvpink
22.transplantvreactions-
vacutevandvchronicvarevwhatvtypevofvreactions?:vtypevIVv(4)
23.HTNvandvdiabetesvarevriskvfactorsvforvwhichvtransplantvreactions?:vchroni
24.immunevdeficiency:vthevlossvofvthevbody'svabilityvtovrespondvtovantig
ensvandvepitopes
25.primaryvimmunodeficiency:vcongenital;vusuallyvgeneticverrors
2v/
, NSG530-EXAM 2 WILKES
EXAM WITH ALL ANSWERS
26.secondaryvimmunodeficiency:v(acquired)vlossvofvimmunevfunctionin
gvasvavresultvofvanvillnessvorvtreatment
27.ImmunevDeficiencies:vCongenitalv[Bruton,vDiGeorge,vSCID]vandvac
quiredv[HIV/AIDS]
28.DiGeorgevSyndrome:vcongenital-vfailurev3rd/
4thvpharyngealvpouchesvtovdevel-vop;vTvcellvdeficiency;vabsentvthymus
29.Barevlymphocytevsyndrome:v1.vPartialvorvcompletevdeficiencyvinvMHCvIv
orvMHCvII
2. Patientsvhavevanvincreasedvsusceptibilityvtovviralvandvopportunisticvinfe
tions
3. Symptoms:vrangevfromvnonevtovseverevcombined
immunevdeficiency,vdependingvonvnumbervofvMHCvexpressed
30.PredominantlyvAntibodyvDeficiencies:v-
mostvcommonvimmunevdeficiency
-defectivevB-cellvdevelopment
31.Hypogammaglobulinemia:vanvabnormallyvlowvconcentrationvofvgamma
vglobu-vlinvinvthevbloodvandvincreasedvriskvofvinfection
32.Agammaglobulinemia:vdisordervmarkedvbyvanvalmostvcompletevlac
kvofvim-vmunoglobulinsvorvantibodies
33.Phagocytevdefects:vInadequatevnumbersvorvdefectsvinvfunctionvofvphag
cytes
34.ChronicvGranulomatousvDiseasev(CGD):vdefectvinvNADPHvoxidasev’v‘vsus
cep-
vtibilityvtovinfectionsvwithvcatalasev+vorganismsv(S.vaureus, vAspergillus,vet
c...)
35.DefectsvinvInnatevImmunity:v-
Defectvinvcapacityvtovproducevimmunevresponse
-Chronicvmucocutaneousvcandidiasis
36.Complementvdeficiencies:vrepeatedvinfectionsvofvencapsulatedvpathoge
ns
37.IVIGv(intravenousvimmunoglobulin):vMostlyv*IgG*vpooledvfromvdonorsvt
ovgivevhighvlevelsvofvprotection
Usedvfor:v*immunodeficiencies*
38.secondaryvdeficiencyvexamples:vpregnancy,vburns,vemotionalvtrauma,v
eatingvdisorders,vdiabetes,vsicklevcell
39.Maligancies:vvirtuallyvallvarevcomplicatedvbyvimmunosuppression
40.AIDSv(acquiredvimmunevdeficiencyvsyndrome):vImmunevsystemvdisease
vcausedvbyvthevHumanvImmunodeficiency vVirusv(HIV)vwhichvovervavperio
3v/
, NSG530-EXAM 2 WILKES
EXAM WITH ALL ANSWERS
dvofvyearsvweakensvthevcapacityvofvthevimmunevsystemvtovfightvoffvinfect
ionvsovthatvweightvlossvandvweaknessvsetvinvandvothervafflictionsvsuchvasv
cancervorvpneumoniavmayvhastenvanvinfectedvperson'svdemise
41.HIVvaffectsvwhatvcells?:vinfectsvandvdestroysvCD4vandvThvcells
42.HIVvepidemiology:v-Blood-bornevpathogen
-Heterosexualvactivityvisvmostvcommonvroutevworldwide
-WomenvaffectedvbyvHIV/AIDSvmorevoften
4v/
