Statpearls EXAM WITH COMPLETE SOLUTION
Effects tof tthioridazine tinclude tall tof tthe tfollowing tEXCEPT:
A.Control tof tpsychotic tbehavior
B. tOrthostatic thypotension
C.Antiemesis
D.Hypoprolactinemia t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tD. tHypoprolactinemia
Thioridazine tcan tcause ta tdecrease tin tdopamine tand ta thyperprolactinemia.
Which tcondition tis tnot ttreated twith tbeta-blockers?
A.Angina
B.Congestive theart tfailure
C.Essential ttremor
D.Second-degree theart tblock t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tD. tSecond-degree theart tblock
Administering ta tbeta-blocker tto tpatients twith tany ttype tof theart tblock twill tresult tin ta tcomplete tblock.
Beta tblockers tare tuseful tfor tother tcardiac tconditions tincluding tangina tand tcongestive theart tfailure.
Propranolol tis tthe tbeta tblocker tmost tcommonly tused tfor tessential ttremor.
Both tselective tbeta tblockers tand tthose twith tadditional talpha tblockage tare tused tfor tcongestive theart tfailure.
Abrupt tdiscontinuation tof tclonidine tcan tcause trebound thypertension. tWhat tmedication tcan tprevent trebound thypertension tfrom toccurring?
A.Phentolamine
B.Propranolol
C.Dopamine
D.Reserpine t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tA. tPhentolamine
When tclonidine tis tabruptly tstopped, tit tcan tcause ta tsevere trebound tin thypertension; tthis teffect tis tmediated tby tan talpha-adrenergic tactivity.
Alpha-blockers tcan tbe tused tto tprevent tthe trebound thypertension twhen tclonidine tis tdiscontinued.
Alpha-blockers, tlike tphentolamine, tare talso tused tto ttreat tpatients twith tpheochromocytoma.
To tprevent tthe tsudden tdevelopment tof ttachycardia, tan talpha-blocker tis talways tused tprior tto tbeta tblockade tin tpatients twith tpheochromocytoma.
Which tof tthe tfollowing tis tnot ta tuse tof tanticholinergic tdrugs?
A.Scopolamine tfor tmotion tsickness
B.Benztropine tfor tParkinson tdisease
C.Atropine tfor tglaucoma
tD.Oxybutynin tfor tatonic tbladder t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tC. tAtropine tfor tglaucoma
Anticholinergics tare twidely tused tin tclinical tmedicine. tAnticholinergic tdrugs tare tused tfor tthe ttreatment tof tasthma. tIpratropium tis tan texample.
Benztropine twas tinitially tused tto ttreat tParkinson tdisease, tbut tthe tavailability tof tbetter tdrugs thas tresulted tin tless tuse.
Anticholinergics tlike tatropine tare tnever tused tto ttreat tglaucoma tand tmay tin tfact teven tprecipitate tacute tglaucoma.
Anticholinergics tare tused tto texamine tthe teye tby tproducing tcycloplegia tand tmydriasis.
A tpatient thas ttaken texcess tbuprenorphine tand tfailed tto trespond tto tnaloxone. tWhat tmedication tshould tbe tused?
A. tMethadone
B.Doxapram
C.Aspirin
, D.Theophylline t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tB. tDoxapram
Doxapram tis tan tintravenous tmedication tthat tis tknown tto tstimulate trespiration. tIt thas tbeen tshown tto tincrease trespiration trate tand tincrease ttidal
tvolume.
Doxapram tstimulates tchemoreceptors tin tthe tcarotid tvessels, twhich tthen tstimulate tthe trespiratory tcenters tin tthe tbrain.
Doxapram tis tused tin tthe tICU tto ttreat tpatients twith tchronic trespiratory tfailure.
Sometimes tdoxapram tis tused tto tstimulate trespiration tin tpatients twith topioid toverdose. tThe tdrug tcan tinduce tpanic tattacks, thypertension, tand
texcess tsweating.
Which tantiseizure tdrug tis tassociated twith ta tfolic tacid tdeficiency?
A.Carbamazepine
B. tBarbiturate
C. tValproic tacid
D. tPrimidone t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tC. tValproic tacid
Valproic tacid toften tis tused tto ttreat tseizures tand tbipolar tdisorder.
Common tside teffects tof tvalproic tacid tinclude tdyspepsia tand/or tweight tgain. tLess tcommon tare tdysphoria, tfatigue, tperipheral tedema, tdizziness,
tdrowsiness, thair tloss, theadaches, tnausea, tsedation, tand ttremors. tValproic tacid talso tcauses thyperammonemia.
Valproic tacid twill tcross tthe tplacenta tand tcause tcongenital tanomalies tbecause tit tinterferes twith tfolic tacid. tPregnant twomen tare tadvised tto ttake
thigh tdoses tof tfolic tacid twhile ton tvalproic tacid ttherapy.
Valproic tacid tcan tcause tsignificant tweight tgain tand tmay tworsen tParkinson tdisease.
Once ta tpatient twith tgeneralized tanxiety thas tbeen ttreated, twhy tis tfollow tup tessential?
A. tMonitor tdrug tside teffects
B. tAlcoholism
C.Suicidal tideations
D. tInsomnia t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tC. tSuicidal tideations
It tis tnow tevident tthat tpeople twho thave tgeneralized tanxiety talso tcontemplate tsuicide. tThis tmay toccur twith tor twithout tthe tpresence tof tother tmood
tdisorders.
Suicide tmay tbe tprecipitated tby tlack tof tjob, tfinances, tor tdivorce.
Patients twith tanxiety thave ta tlow tthreshold tfor ttolerating tstress tand toften tmake timpulsive tdecisions.
All tpatients twith tanxiety tshould tbe tasked tabout tsuicidal tideation. tUsually, tthey thave tno tthought timpairment.
What tis tthe tfirst tpharmacologic tstep tin tthe tmanagement tof ta tpatient twith tan tanxiety tdisorder?
A. tElectroconvulsive ttherapy
B. tLithium
C. tSSRIs
D. tBehavior ttherapy t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tC. tSSRIs
Mild tanxiety tis tinitially ttreated twith tbehavioral ttherapy.
Antidepressants tare tthe tdrugs tof tchoice tfor tthe ttreatment tof tanxiety tdisorder. tSSRIs tare tvery teffective tand tcan trelieve tsymptoms tin ta tfew tweeks
Additional tbenzodiazepines tmay tneed tto tbe tused tat tthe tsame ttime tuntil tsymptoms tare tunder tcontrol.
Divalproex tand tgabapentin tmay tbe tused tin tindividuals twho thave ta thistory tof tabusing tbenzodiazepines.
In ta tpatient twith tanxiety, twhich tfinding twould tsuggest tthe tpresence tof tan torganic tdisorder?
A.Loss tof torientation
B. tLoss tof tcontrol
C. tFeelings tof tgoing tcrazy
D. tFast theart trate t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tA. tLoss tof torientation
When tloss tof torientation tis tdiscovered tone tshould tthink tabout tthe tpresence tof tan torganic tdisorder/delirium.
Anxiety tdoes tnot taffect tmemory, tspeech, tlanguage, tor tcognition.
Panic tattacks tmay tinject ta tsense tof tdoom, tincrease theart trate, tor tcause tdiaphoresis, tbut tthere tis tno tloss tof tmemory.
What tis ta tpotentially tserious tadverse treaction tthat thas tbeen treported twith tthe tuse tof tclonidine?
A. tArrhythmias
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Effects tof tthioridazine tinclude tall tof tthe tfollowing tEXCEPT:
A.Control tof tpsychotic tbehavior
B. tOrthostatic thypotension
C.Antiemesis
D.Hypoprolactinemia t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tD. tHypoprolactinemia
Thioridazine tcan tcause ta tdecrease tin tdopamine tand ta thyperprolactinemia.
Which tcondition tis tnot ttreated twith tbeta-blockers?
A.Angina
B.Congestive theart tfailure
C.Essential ttremor
D.Second-degree theart tblock t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tD. tSecond-degree theart tblock
Administering ta tbeta-blocker tto tpatients twith tany ttype tof theart tblock twill tresult tin ta tcomplete tblock.
Beta tblockers tare tuseful tfor tother tcardiac tconditions tincluding tangina tand tcongestive theart tfailure.
Propranolol tis tthe tbeta tblocker tmost tcommonly tused tfor tessential ttremor.
Both tselective tbeta tblockers tand tthose twith tadditional talpha tblockage tare tused tfor tcongestive theart tfailure.
Abrupt tdiscontinuation tof tclonidine tcan tcause trebound thypertension. tWhat tmedication tcan tprevent trebound thypertension tfrom toccurring?
A.Phentolamine
B.Propranolol
C.Dopamine
D.Reserpine t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tA. tPhentolamine
When tclonidine tis tabruptly tstopped, tit tcan tcause ta tsevere trebound tin thypertension; tthis teffect tis tmediated tby tan talpha-adrenergic tactivity.
Alpha-blockers tcan tbe tused tto tprevent tthe trebound thypertension twhen tclonidine tis tdiscontinued.
Alpha-blockers, tlike tphentolamine, tare talso tused tto ttreat tpatients twith tpheochromocytoma.
To tprevent tthe tsudden tdevelopment tof ttachycardia, tan talpha-blocker tis talways tused tprior tto tbeta tblockade tin tpatients twith tpheochromocytoma.
Which tof tthe tfollowing tis tnot ta tuse tof tanticholinergic tdrugs?
A.Scopolamine tfor tmotion tsickness
B.Benztropine tfor tParkinson tdisease
C.Atropine tfor tglaucoma
tD.Oxybutynin tfor tatonic tbladder t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tC. tAtropine tfor tglaucoma
Anticholinergics tare twidely tused tin tclinical tmedicine. tAnticholinergic tdrugs tare tused tfor tthe ttreatment tof tasthma. tIpratropium tis tan texample.
Benztropine twas tinitially tused tto ttreat tParkinson tdisease, tbut tthe tavailability tof tbetter tdrugs thas tresulted tin tless tuse.
Anticholinergics tlike tatropine tare tnever tused tto ttreat tglaucoma tand tmay tin tfact teven tprecipitate tacute tglaucoma.
Anticholinergics tare tused tto texamine tthe teye tby tproducing tcycloplegia tand tmydriasis.
A tpatient thas ttaken texcess tbuprenorphine tand tfailed tto trespond tto tnaloxone. tWhat tmedication tshould tbe tused?
A. tMethadone
B.Doxapram
C.Aspirin
, D.Theophylline t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tB. tDoxapram
Doxapram tis tan tintravenous tmedication tthat tis tknown tto tstimulate trespiration. tIt thas tbeen tshown tto tincrease trespiration trate tand tincrease ttidal
tvolume.
Doxapram tstimulates tchemoreceptors tin tthe tcarotid tvessels, twhich tthen tstimulate tthe trespiratory tcenters tin tthe tbrain.
Doxapram tis tused tin tthe tICU tto ttreat tpatients twith tchronic trespiratory tfailure.
Sometimes tdoxapram tis tused tto tstimulate trespiration tin tpatients twith topioid toverdose. tThe tdrug tcan tinduce tpanic tattacks, thypertension, tand
texcess tsweating.
Which tantiseizure tdrug tis tassociated twith ta tfolic tacid tdeficiency?
A.Carbamazepine
B. tBarbiturate
C. tValproic tacid
D. tPrimidone t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tC. tValproic tacid
Valproic tacid toften tis tused tto ttreat tseizures tand tbipolar tdisorder.
Common tside teffects tof tvalproic tacid tinclude tdyspepsia tand/or tweight tgain. tLess tcommon tare tdysphoria, tfatigue, tperipheral tedema, tdizziness,
tdrowsiness, thair tloss, theadaches, tnausea, tsedation, tand ttremors. tValproic tacid talso tcauses thyperammonemia.
Valproic tacid twill tcross tthe tplacenta tand tcause tcongenital tanomalies tbecause tit tinterferes twith tfolic tacid. tPregnant twomen tare tadvised tto ttake
thigh tdoses tof tfolic tacid twhile ton tvalproic tacid ttherapy.
Valproic tacid tcan tcause tsignificant tweight tgain tand tmay tworsen tParkinson tdisease.
Once ta tpatient twith tgeneralized tanxiety thas tbeen ttreated, twhy tis tfollow tup tessential?
A. tMonitor tdrug tside teffects
B. tAlcoholism
C.Suicidal tideations
D. tInsomnia t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tC. tSuicidal tideations
It tis tnow tevident tthat tpeople twho thave tgeneralized tanxiety talso tcontemplate tsuicide. tThis tmay toccur twith tor twithout tthe tpresence tof tother tmood
tdisorders.
Suicide tmay tbe tprecipitated tby tlack tof tjob, tfinances, tor tdivorce.
Patients twith tanxiety thave ta tlow tthreshold tfor ttolerating tstress tand toften tmake timpulsive tdecisions.
All tpatients twith tanxiety tshould tbe tasked tabout tsuicidal tideation. tUsually, tthey thave tno tthought timpairment.
What tis tthe tfirst tpharmacologic tstep tin tthe tmanagement tof ta tpatient twith tan tanxiety tdisorder?
A. tElectroconvulsive ttherapy
B. tLithium
C. tSSRIs
D. tBehavior ttherapy t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tC. tSSRIs
Mild tanxiety tis tinitially ttreated twith tbehavioral ttherapy.
Antidepressants tare tthe tdrugs tof tchoice tfor tthe ttreatment tof tanxiety tdisorder. tSSRIs tare tvery teffective tand tcan trelieve tsymptoms tin ta tfew tweeks
Additional tbenzodiazepines tmay tneed tto tbe tused tat tthe tsame ttime tuntil tsymptoms tare tunder tcontrol.
Divalproex tand tgabapentin tmay tbe tused tin tindividuals twho thave ta thistory tof tabusing tbenzodiazepines.
In ta tpatient twith tanxiety, twhich tfinding twould tsuggest tthe tpresence tof tan torganic tdisorder?
A.Loss tof torientation
B. tLoss tof tcontrol
C. tFeelings tof tgoing tcrazy
D. tFast theart trate t- tCorrect t tAnswer t- tA. tLoss tof torientation
When tloss tof torientation tis tdiscovered tone tshould tthink tabout tthe tpresence tof tan torganic tdisorder/delirium.
Anxiety tdoes tnot taffect tmemory, tspeech, tlanguage, tor tcognition.
Panic tattacks tmay tinject ta tsense tof tdoom, tincrease theart trate, tor tcause tdiaphoresis, tbut tthere tis tno tloss tof tmemory.
What tis ta tpotentially tserious tadverse treaction tthat thas tbeen treported twith tthe tuse tof tclonidine?
A. tArrhythmias
1 t/ t10
