Exam-N5315 Module 1 and Module 2 Questions &
Answers
Steps of action potentiial Correct-Process by which excitable cells transmit information to
one another
Occurs mostly in nerve and muscle cells
Action potential altered by calcium imbalance Correct-Hyopcalcemia: increases cell
permeability to sodium -> progressive depolarization —> RMP and threshold potential to be
closer —> easier to activate action potential -> cells are more excitable -> tetany, hyperflexia,
circumoral pareshesias, seizure, dysrhythmias
Hypercalcemia: decreases cell permeability to sodium -> distance between the RMP and the
threshold potential -> widening QRS, cardiac standstill if RMP = threshold potential,
paralysis/parestheia
Action potential altered by potassium imbalances Correct-Hypokalemia:ECF K is depleted
and ICF K diffuses out of the cell easily -> cell to hyperpolarize (more negative). Less likely to
depolarize and transmit impulses -> decrease neuromuscular excitability, weakness,
parenthesias, cardiac dysrhythmias
, Exam-N5315 Module 1 and Module 2 Questions &
Answers
Hyperkalemia: ECF K increases without ICF K changes —> RMP becomes more positive
(hypopolarized) -> cells are more excitable and conduct more impulses -> peak T wave,
elevated K, widening QRS, PARALYSIS OR PARESTHESIAS may occur
Atrophy Correct-E:decrease or shrinkage in cellular size
P: still functional
Pathophysiology: result of decreases in workload, use, pressure, blood supply , nutrition,
hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation
Ex: thymus gland during childhood; immobilized in bed for prolong time; aging brain;
Hypertrophy Correct-E: increase in sell size
Physiologic: caused by increased demand, stimulation of hormones, and growth factors
Ex: responsive to heavy work like muscular or pregnancy
, Exam-N5315 Module 1 and Module 2 Questions &
Answers
Pathological: chronic hemodynamics overload
Ex: HTN or valve dysfunction -> cardiac hypertrophy -> dysrhythmias, HF, and sudden death
Hyperplasia Correct-E: Increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue (increase
cellular division)
Phys: response to injury severe or prolonged; or (compensatory) increase output of new cells
from tissue stem cells
Ex: liver regeneration; callus (wound healing)
Patho: occurs in response to hormonal stimulation or effects of growth factor on target cells
(enlargement of nucleus)
Ex: endometrial hyperplasia; BPH; both d/t hormonal imbalance
Dysplasia Correct-E: abnormal changes in cell size, shape, and organization (atypical
hyperplasia)
Answers
Steps of action potentiial Correct-Process by which excitable cells transmit information to
one another
Occurs mostly in nerve and muscle cells
Action potential altered by calcium imbalance Correct-Hyopcalcemia: increases cell
permeability to sodium -> progressive depolarization —> RMP and threshold potential to be
closer —> easier to activate action potential -> cells are more excitable -> tetany, hyperflexia,
circumoral pareshesias, seizure, dysrhythmias
Hypercalcemia: decreases cell permeability to sodium -> distance between the RMP and the
threshold potential -> widening QRS, cardiac standstill if RMP = threshold potential,
paralysis/parestheia
Action potential altered by potassium imbalances Correct-Hypokalemia:ECF K is depleted
and ICF K diffuses out of the cell easily -> cell to hyperpolarize (more negative). Less likely to
depolarize and transmit impulses -> decrease neuromuscular excitability, weakness,
parenthesias, cardiac dysrhythmias
, Exam-N5315 Module 1 and Module 2 Questions &
Answers
Hyperkalemia: ECF K increases without ICF K changes —> RMP becomes more positive
(hypopolarized) -> cells are more excitable and conduct more impulses -> peak T wave,
elevated K, widening QRS, PARALYSIS OR PARESTHESIAS may occur
Atrophy Correct-E:decrease or shrinkage in cellular size
P: still functional
Pathophysiology: result of decreases in workload, use, pressure, blood supply , nutrition,
hormonal stimulation, and nervous stimulation
Ex: thymus gland during childhood; immobilized in bed for prolong time; aging brain;
Hypertrophy Correct-E: increase in sell size
Physiologic: caused by increased demand, stimulation of hormones, and growth factors
Ex: responsive to heavy work like muscular or pregnancy
, Exam-N5315 Module 1 and Module 2 Questions &
Answers
Pathological: chronic hemodynamics overload
Ex: HTN or valve dysfunction -> cardiac hypertrophy -> dysrhythmias, HF, and sudden death
Hyperplasia Correct-E: Increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue (increase
cellular division)
Phys: response to injury severe or prolonged; or (compensatory) increase output of new cells
from tissue stem cells
Ex: liver regeneration; callus (wound healing)
Patho: occurs in response to hormonal stimulation or effects of growth factor on target cells
(enlargement of nucleus)
Ex: endometrial hyperplasia; BPH; both d/t hormonal imbalance
Dysplasia Correct-E: abnormal changes in cell size, shape, and organization (atypical
hyperplasia)
