Radiographic Positioning: Final Exam
APOM casette size - ANSWER 8x10
APOM FFD - ANSWER 40"
APOM tube tilt - ANSWER none
APOM collimation - ANSWER -4x4 or 5x5
-below the eyes
-include mastoid processes
APOM central ray - ANSWER -patients mouth closed
-central ray through middle of patients lips
-at end of set up then open mouth as wide as possible
-central ray at uvula
-minor adjustments here
-aligned to the middle of the cassette
APOM measurement - ANSWER C4 AP
APOM part positioning - ANSWER -ask to open mouth as wide as possible
-ensure the lower part of the top teeth level with base of mastoids
APOM patient instructions - ANSWER -remain still
-hold breath/don't breath
-don't swallow
APOM x-ray - ANSWER
AP cervical cassette size - ANSWER -10x12
-8x10 ok for smaller patients
AP cervical FFD - ANSWER 37"
AP cervical tube tilt - ANSWER 15 degrees cephalad (toward head)
AP cervical collimation - ANSWER -horizontal = mid clavicle (include apices of lung)
-vertical = between the chin and the lower lip
AP cervical central ray - ANSWER -C4 (middle of cervical spine)
-aligned with middle of cassette
AP cervical measurement - ANSWER C4 vertebrae AP
AP cervical part positioning - ANSWER if forward head carriage or loss of lordosis,
elevate chin slightly
,AP cervical patient instructions - ANSWER -remain still
-hold breath/don't breathe
-don't swallow
AP cervical x-ray - ANSWER
LAT cervical cassette size - ANSWER 10x12
LAT cervical FFD - ANSWER 72"
LAT cervical tube tilt - ANSWER none
LAT cervical central ray - ANSWER -at level of angle of mandible
-cross hairs of central ray should be on spine and at level of angle of mandible
-aligned to middle of cassette
LAT cervical measurement - ANSWER C4 vertebrae laterally
LAT cervical part positioning - ANSWER -shoulder against cassette
NEUTRAL:
-cervical spine in neutral position
FLEXION:
-flex head down as much as possible
-place cassette horizontally if patient has increased ROM in flexion
-unstable = give support bar to hold onto
EXTENSION:
-extend head back as much as possible
LAT cervical patient instructions - ANSWER -remain still
-hold breath/don't breathe
-don't swallow
-if not relaxed = ask patient to take a deep breath in and then breathe out, as they
breathe out ask them to relax the shoulders
LAT cervical neutral x-ray - ANSWER
LAT cervical flexion x-ray - ANSWER
LAT cervical extension x-ray - ANSWER
Oblique cervical cassette size - ANSWER 10x12
Oblique cervical FFD - ANSWER 37" OR 69"
Oblique cervical tube tilt - ANSWER ANTERIOR:
-15 degrees caudad (toward feet)
, POSTERIOR:
-15 degrees cephalad (toward head)
Oblique cervical collimation - ANSWER -mid ear
-behind the eyes
-base of occiput
-collimate close to the ant and post soft tissues of the neck
Oblique cervical measurement - ANSWER C4 vertebrae laterally
Oblique cervical part positioning - ANSWER -patients body rotated 45 degrees off
the bucky
-head parallel to bucky
Oblique cervical patient instructions - ANSWER -remain still
-hold breath/don't breathe
-do not swallow
-if not relaxed = ask patient to take a deep breath in and then breathe out, as they
breathe out ask them to relax the shoulders
Oblique cervical x-ray - ANSWER
CT/swimmer's view cassette size - ANSWER 8x10
CT/swimmer's view FFD - ANSWER 40"
CT/swimmer's view tube tilt - ANSWER none
CT/swimmer's view collimation - ANSWER -collimate to area of interest
-include anterior and posterior soft tissues at base of neck
CT/swimmer's view central ray - ANSWER -1-1.5" ant to C7 SP
-central ray through C7 vertebrae
-align to middle of cassette
CT/swimmer's view measurement - ANSWER at base of neck at CT junction laterally
CT/swimmer's view part positioning - ANSWER -patient stands lateral
-arm closes to bucky placed on head
-arm closes to x-ray tube placed (with attitude) on waist
-minimal rotation of patient's body
CT/swimmer's view patient instructions - ANSWER -if not relaxed = ask patient to
take a deep breath in and then breathe out, as they breathe out ask them to relax the
shoulders
CT/swimmer's view x-ray - ANSWER
AP thoracic cassette size - ANSWER -14x17
APOM casette size - ANSWER 8x10
APOM FFD - ANSWER 40"
APOM tube tilt - ANSWER none
APOM collimation - ANSWER -4x4 or 5x5
-below the eyes
-include mastoid processes
APOM central ray - ANSWER -patients mouth closed
-central ray through middle of patients lips
-at end of set up then open mouth as wide as possible
-central ray at uvula
-minor adjustments here
-aligned to the middle of the cassette
APOM measurement - ANSWER C4 AP
APOM part positioning - ANSWER -ask to open mouth as wide as possible
-ensure the lower part of the top teeth level with base of mastoids
APOM patient instructions - ANSWER -remain still
-hold breath/don't breath
-don't swallow
APOM x-ray - ANSWER
AP cervical cassette size - ANSWER -10x12
-8x10 ok for smaller patients
AP cervical FFD - ANSWER 37"
AP cervical tube tilt - ANSWER 15 degrees cephalad (toward head)
AP cervical collimation - ANSWER -horizontal = mid clavicle (include apices of lung)
-vertical = between the chin and the lower lip
AP cervical central ray - ANSWER -C4 (middle of cervical spine)
-aligned with middle of cassette
AP cervical measurement - ANSWER C4 vertebrae AP
AP cervical part positioning - ANSWER if forward head carriage or loss of lordosis,
elevate chin slightly
,AP cervical patient instructions - ANSWER -remain still
-hold breath/don't breathe
-don't swallow
AP cervical x-ray - ANSWER
LAT cervical cassette size - ANSWER 10x12
LAT cervical FFD - ANSWER 72"
LAT cervical tube tilt - ANSWER none
LAT cervical central ray - ANSWER -at level of angle of mandible
-cross hairs of central ray should be on spine and at level of angle of mandible
-aligned to middle of cassette
LAT cervical measurement - ANSWER C4 vertebrae laterally
LAT cervical part positioning - ANSWER -shoulder against cassette
NEUTRAL:
-cervical spine in neutral position
FLEXION:
-flex head down as much as possible
-place cassette horizontally if patient has increased ROM in flexion
-unstable = give support bar to hold onto
EXTENSION:
-extend head back as much as possible
LAT cervical patient instructions - ANSWER -remain still
-hold breath/don't breathe
-don't swallow
-if not relaxed = ask patient to take a deep breath in and then breathe out, as they
breathe out ask them to relax the shoulders
LAT cervical neutral x-ray - ANSWER
LAT cervical flexion x-ray - ANSWER
LAT cervical extension x-ray - ANSWER
Oblique cervical cassette size - ANSWER 10x12
Oblique cervical FFD - ANSWER 37" OR 69"
Oblique cervical tube tilt - ANSWER ANTERIOR:
-15 degrees caudad (toward feet)
, POSTERIOR:
-15 degrees cephalad (toward head)
Oblique cervical collimation - ANSWER -mid ear
-behind the eyes
-base of occiput
-collimate close to the ant and post soft tissues of the neck
Oblique cervical measurement - ANSWER C4 vertebrae laterally
Oblique cervical part positioning - ANSWER -patients body rotated 45 degrees off
the bucky
-head parallel to bucky
Oblique cervical patient instructions - ANSWER -remain still
-hold breath/don't breathe
-do not swallow
-if not relaxed = ask patient to take a deep breath in and then breathe out, as they
breathe out ask them to relax the shoulders
Oblique cervical x-ray - ANSWER
CT/swimmer's view cassette size - ANSWER 8x10
CT/swimmer's view FFD - ANSWER 40"
CT/swimmer's view tube tilt - ANSWER none
CT/swimmer's view collimation - ANSWER -collimate to area of interest
-include anterior and posterior soft tissues at base of neck
CT/swimmer's view central ray - ANSWER -1-1.5" ant to C7 SP
-central ray through C7 vertebrae
-align to middle of cassette
CT/swimmer's view measurement - ANSWER at base of neck at CT junction laterally
CT/swimmer's view part positioning - ANSWER -patient stands lateral
-arm closes to bucky placed on head
-arm closes to x-ray tube placed (with attitude) on waist
-minimal rotation of patient's body
CT/swimmer's view patient instructions - ANSWER -if not relaxed = ask patient to
take a deep breath in and then breathe out, as they breathe out ask them to relax the
shoulders
CT/swimmer's view x-ray - ANSWER
AP thoracic cassette size - ANSWER -14x17
