Chapter 16 Qal Imperfect—Weak Verbs

What is the paradigm for Qal Imperfect II-Guttural and III-ע/ח verbs? What is the paradigm for Qal Imperfect III-א Verbs? Previous Play Next Rewind 10 seconds Move forward 10 seconds Unmute 0:00 / 0:15 Full screen Brainpower Read More What is the paradigm for Qal Imperfect III-ה Verbs, and what are some diagnostic features? 1) Imperfect forms without a sufformative have an ֶה ending. The final ה in these forms is not, however, the original third root consonant but rather a vowel letter or mater lectionis. 2) Imperfect forms with a sufformative appear without the ֶה ending. This is an important feature to recognize. When you are confronted by such a form, you will have only two of the three original root consonants. 3) In the twin 3fp and 2fp forms, the stem vowel is Seghol Yod (תִּבְנֶ֫ינָה). This is similar to the Hireq Yod stem vowel found in the Perfect conjugation of this weak verb class (compare the Perfect 2ms form בָּנִ֫יתָ) Using קָם, give the Shureq class of the Qal Perfect 3ms, Imperfect 3ms, and the lexical entry. Using שָׂם, give the Shureq class of the Qal Perfect 3ms, Imperfect 3ms, and the lexical entry. Using בָּא, give the Shureq class of the Qal Perfect 3ms, Imperfect 3ms, and the lexical entry. What is the paradigm for Qal Imperfect I-י Verbs, and what are some diagnostic features? 1) In every form of the Type 1 paradigm, the initial י root consonant has dropped and the Imperfect preformative vowel is Tsere throughout. Verbs of this type can be difficult to recognize because the initial consonant (י) is lost, leaving only the second and third consonants of the verbal root. 2) In the Type 2 paradigm, the initial י of the verbal root is seemingly preserved as the vowel letter Hireq Yod. With the Imperfect, what are the four major weak verb classes which drop a root consonant? 1) I-י 2) I-נ 3) III-ה 4) Geminate Let's take: יֵשֵׁב What's the infinitive? Is this verb Biconsonantal (שָׁב or שׁוּב), Geminate (שָׁבַב), III-ה (שָׁבָה), I-י (יָשַׁב), or I-נ (נָשַׁב)? In the key to identifying the verbal root is the Tsere preformative vowel (יֵשֵׁב). The Tsere preformative vowel is a diagnostic feature of the I-י Imperfect conjugation. The Imperfect 3ms form of יָשַׁב (to sit, dwell) is יֵשֵׁב (he will sit, dwell). Let's take: יִפֹּל What's the infinitive? The Daghesh Forte in the second root consonant (יִפֹּל) should alert you to the fact that this is a I-נ weak verbal root. The Imperfect 3ms form of נָפַל (to fall) is יִפֹּל (he will fall) Let's take: יִבְנוּ What's the infinitive? Note the absence of the final root consonant. In this case, it is helpful to use a process of elimination: (1) there is no Daghesh Forte in the ב of this form and so it is not I-נ; (2) the preformative vowel is not Tsere and so it is not I-י; and (3) it could be Geminate but the preformative vowel of a Geminate verb is usually Qamets or Tsere. The only other option is III-ה. The Imperfect 3mp form of בָּנָה (to build) is יִבְנוּ (they will build). Let's take: יָסֹב What's the infinitive? Some Geminate forms of the Imperfect exhibit a Daghesh Forte in the remaining Geminate consonant. In such instances, this clue should enable you to identify the weak verbal form as Geminate. In those forms without the Daghesh Forte, you will want to use the same process of elimination as with III-ה verbs, though it is more difficult with Geminate verbs because they exhibit considerable variation. The Imperfect 3ms form of סָבַב (to surround) is יָסֹב (he will surround), with only one ב. How would you reconstruct I-י verbs? 1) I-י verbs normally drop their first root consonant. 2) But will be identifiable by the Tsere preformative vowel (and Tsere stem vowel) for Type 1 verbs 3) Type 2 verbs have the Hireq Yod preformative