AC-HPAT PREP EXAM PRACTICE
Proteins - answer-Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues made up of amino acids
Anaerobic Respiration - answer-Respiration in the absence of oxygen. This produces lactic acid.
endocytosis and exocytosis - answer-cold/hot active transport
What is a pyruvate? - answer-end product of glycolysis
Ribosomes - answer-site of protein synthesis in the cell
the cell - answer-The basic unit of structure and function in living things
prokaryotic cell - answer-cell lacking a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
eukaryotic cell - answer-A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
cellular respiration - answer-Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules
in the presence of oxygen
aerobic respiration - answer-Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to generate energy.
four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: - answer-Diffusion,
Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotic Reproduction - answer-binary fission (asexual) (dividing 1/2)
binary fission - answer-A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides into two identical halves.
cytokinesis - answer-The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which occurs during the
telophase stage of mitosis.
haploid cell - answer-A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
diploid cell - answer-A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
chromatin - answer-Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
centriole - answer-structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
chromosome - answer-a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living
cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
DNA - answer-deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the
main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
RNA - answer-ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a
messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses
RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
[Type here] [Type here] [Type
here]
, Nucleotide - answer-monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
transcription - answer-synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
translation - answer-Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
What is a chromotid? - answer-half of a chromosome
allele - answer-An alternative form of a gene; one from each parent; dominant vs recessive
phenotype - answer-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
genotype - answer-An organism's genetic makeup.
incomplete dominance - answer-A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are
neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental
traits.
mutant phenotypes - answer-due to alleles assumed to have originated as changes, or mutations, in the wild-
type allele
function of the circulatory system - answer-To distrubute blood and associated chemicals through the body.
function of the respiratory system - answer-To take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.
function of the digestive system - answer-To break down food for energy, reabsorb water and nutrients, and
eliminate waste.
virus - answer-a parasite that can only produce within a living host cell.
What are the two cycles of viral reproduction? - answer-The Lytic Cycle and Lysogenic Cycle.
lytic cycle - answer-The reprodyuctive cycle of viruses that end in the death of the host.
lysogenic cycle - answer-The reproductive cycle of a virus, which coexists with the host rather than killing it.
symbiotic relationship - answer-close interaction between species in which one species lives in or on the other
Destruction of bacteria by a lytic agent is called: - answer-A bacteriophagia.
What is photosynthesis? - answer-The process by which light energy, captured by the chloroplasts of plants, is
converted to chemical energy.
What is the ploem? - answer-A vascular tissue that transports sugars from leaves throughout the rest of the
plant.
What is the xylem? - answer-A vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved mineral nutrients from the
roots to other parts of the plant.
What is a gymnosperm? - answer-A plant that produces unprotected seeds.
What is an angiosperm? - answer-A type of flowering plant.
[Type here] [Type here] [Type
here]
Proteins - answer-Nutrients the body uses to build and maintain its cells and tissues made up of amino acids
Anaerobic Respiration - answer-Respiration in the absence of oxygen. This produces lactic acid.
endocytosis and exocytosis - answer-cold/hot active transport
What is a pyruvate? - answer-end product of glycolysis
Ribosomes - answer-site of protein synthesis in the cell
the cell - answer-The basic unit of structure and function in living things
prokaryotic cell - answer-cell lacking a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles
eukaryotic cell - answer-A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles
cellular respiration - answer-Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules
in the presence of oxygen
aerobic respiration - answer-Form of cellular respiration which requires oxygen to generate energy.
four types of transport that allow small molecules to move across the cell membrane: - answer-Diffusion,
Osmosis, Active Transport, and Passive Transport.
Prokaryotic Reproduction - answer-binary fission (asexual) (dividing 1/2)
binary fission - answer-A form of asexual reproduction in which the parent divides into two identical halves.
cytokinesis - answer-The division of cytoplasm into two identical daughter cells, which occurs during the
telophase stage of mitosis.
haploid cell - answer-A cell that contains one set of chromosomes
diploid cell - answer-A cell that contains two sets of chromosomes
chromatin - answer-Clusters of DNA, RNA, and proteins in the nucleus of a cell
centriole - answer-structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division
chromosome - answer-a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living
cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
DNA - answer-deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the
main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.
RNA - answer-ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its principal role is to act as a
messenger carrying instructions from DNA for controlling the synthesis of proteins, although in some viruses
RNA rather than DNA carries the genetic information.
[Type here] [Type here] [Type
here]
, Nucleotide - answer-monomer of nucleic acids made up of a 5-carbon sugar, a phosphate group, and a
nitrogenous base
transcription - answer-synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template
translation - answer-Process by which mRNA is decoded and a protein is produced
What is a chromotid? - answer-half of a chromosome
allele - answer-An alternative form of a gene; one from each parent; dominant vs recessive
phenotype - answer-An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits.
genotype - answer-An organism's genetic makeup.
incomplete dominance - answer-A pattern of inheritance in which two alleles, inherited from the parents, are
neither dominant nor recessive. The resulting offspring have a phenotype that is a blending of the parental
traits.
mutant phenotypes - answer-due to alleles assumed to have originated as changes, or mutations, in the wild-
type allele
function of the circulatory system - answer-To distrubute blood and associated chemicals through the body.
function of the respiratory system - answer-To take in oxygen and eliminate carbon dioxide.
function of the digestive system - answer-To break down food for energy, reabsorb water and nutrients, and
eliminate waste.
virus - answer-a parasite that can only produce within a living host cell.
What are the two cycles of viral reproduction? - answer-The Lytic Cycle and Lysogenic Cycle.
lytic cycle - answer-The reprodyuctive cycle of viruses that end in the death of the host.
lysogenic cycle - answer-The reproductive cycle of a virus, which coexists with the host rather than killing it.
symbiotic relationship - answer-close interaction between species in which one species lives in or on the other
Destruction of bacteria by a lytic agent is called: - answer-A bacteriophagia.
What is photosynthesis? - answer-The process by which light energy, captured by the chloroplasts of plants, is
converted to chemical energy.
What is the ploem? - answer-A vascular tissue that transports sugars from leaves throughout the rest of the
plant.
What is the xylem? - answer-A vascular tissue that transports water and dissolved mineral nutrients from the
roots to other parts of the plant.
What is a gymnosperm? - answer-A plant that produces unprotected seeds.
What is an angiosperm? - answer-A type of flowering plant.
[Type here] [Type here] [Type
here]
