critical care/flight paramedic A Grade
exam with Questions and 100% Correct
Answers
when utilizing a swan ganz catheter, never exceed ____mL of air in distal balloon - ✔✔1.5
coronary perfusion pressure calculation - ✔✔PAWP-DBP (should be 50-60)
PAWP range - ✔✔8-12
PVR range - ✔✔50-250
PA pressure - ✔✔15-25 systolic, 8-15 diastolic
SVR range - ✔✔800-1200
what does PVR signify - ✔✔right heart afterload, pulmonary vascular resistance
what is PCWP - ✔✔same as pAWP
left heart preload is also called - ✔✔left ventricular end diastolic pressure LVEDP
what is CI - ✔✔same as CO
what happens to pressures during cardiogenic shock - ✔✔decreased cardiac output
(CO/CI), increased everything else
,what happens to pressures during hypovolemic shock - ✔✔decreased SVR, increased everything else
what happens to pressures during anaphylactic shock - ✔✔increased CO/CI, decreased everything
else
when should PAWP readings be taken - ✔✔at the end of exhalation
if a swan ganz catheter is in the right place, the two pressures that can be continuously monitored are
- ✔✔CVP and PA (central venous and pulmonary artery)
what should you do if the IABP console shuts down during transport? - ✔✔inflate balloon with
air every 3-5 minutes. this prevents formation of clots
most deadly IABP timing error - ✔✔late deflation
what does late deflation look like? - ✔✔diastolic notch higher than unassisted, waveform
has widened appearance
signs that IABP balloon has migrated? - ✔✔decreased urinary output and decreased pulse to
left hand
what does early inflation of IABP look like? - ✔✔weak/loss of dicrotic notch
what does early deflation of IABP waveform look like - ✔✔"cliff" shape
what does late inflation of IABP waveform look like - ✔✔a W shape, widened
do you have to manually purge the IABP at altitude? - ✔✔no
for a patient in A-fib what is the best trigger for the IABP? - ✔✔pressure mode
, normal value of ICP - ✔✔5-15
ICP above what mmHg has high mortality? - ✔✔above 20
normal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) - ✔✔70-90
ICP monitoring waveform looks like - ✔✔3 humps, each lower than the last
P1 on ICP waveform - ✔✔systole
P2 of ICP waveform - ✔✔compliance of brain (percussion wave)
P3 of ICP waveform - ✔✔dicrotic notch
what does P2 elevation on ICP waveform signify? - ✔✔poor compliance, increasing ICP
hyperglycemia in brain injuries - ✔✔makes it worse
hyponatremia in brain injuries - ✔✔associated with brain edema
subdural hematoma CT presentation - ✔✔looks like a crescent moon
epidural hematoma CT presentation - ✔✔lens shape
central cord syndrome - ✔✔upper extremity weakness that is greater than lower extremeties
anterior cord syndrome - ✔✔
exam with Questions and 100% Correct
Answers
when utilizing a swan ganz catheter, never exceed ____mL of air in distal balloon - ✔✔1.5
coronary perfusion pressure calculation - ✔✔PAWP-DBP (should be 50-60)
PAWP range - ✔✔8-12
PVR range - ✔✔50-250
PA pressure - ✔✔15-25 systolic, 8-15 diastolic
SVR range - ✔✔800-1200
what does PVR signify - ✔✔right heart afterload, pulmonary vascular resistance
what is PCWP - ✔✔same as pAWP
left heart preload is also called - ✔✔left ventricular end diastolic pressure LVEDP
what is CI - ✔✔same as CO
what happens to pressures during cardiogenic shock - ✔✔decreased cardiac output
(CO/CI), increased everything else
,what happens to pressures during hypovolemic shock - ✔✔decreased SVR, increased everything else
what happens to pressures during anaphylactic shock - ✔✔increased CO/CI, decreased everything
else
when should PAWP readings be taken - ✔✔at the end of exhalation
if a swan ganz catheter is in the right place, the two pressures that can be continuously monitored are
- ✔✔CVP and PA (central venous and pulmonary artery)
what should you do if the IABP console shuts down during transport? - ✔✔inflate balloon with
air every 3-5 minutes. this prevents formation of clots
most deadly IABP timing error - ✔✔late deflation
what does late deflation look like? - ✔✔diastolic notch higher than unassisted, waveform
has widened appearance
signs that IABP balloon has migrated? - ✔✔decreased urinary output and decreased pulse to
left hand
what does early inflation of IABP look like? - ✔✔weak/loss of dicrotic notch
what does early deflation of IABP waveform look like - ✔✔"cliff" shape
what does late inflation of IABP waveform look like - ✔✔a W shape, widened
do you have to manually purge the IABP at altitude? - ✔✔no
for a patient in A-fib what is the best trigger for the IABP? - ✔✔pressure mode
, normal value of ICP - ✔✔5-15
ICP above what mmHg has high mortality? - ✔✔above 20
normal cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) - ✔✔70-90
ICP monitoring waveform looks like - ✔✔3 humps, each lower than the last
P1 on ICP waveform - ✔✔systole
P2 of ICP waveform - ✔✔compliance of brain (percussion wave)
P3 of ICP waveform - ✔✔dicrotic notch
what does P2 elevation on ICP waveform signify? - ✔✔poor compliance, increasing ICP
hyperglycemia in brain injuries - ✔✔makes it worse
hyponatremia in brain injuries - ✔✔associated with brain edema
subdural hematoma CT presentation - ✔✔looks like a crescent moon
epidural hematoma CT presentation - ✔✔lens shape
central cord syndrome - ✔✔upper extremity weakness that is greater than lower extremeties
anterior cord syndrome - ✔✔
