DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
REVIEWED PRACTICE EXAM
Embryogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-the stages between
fertilization and birth (hatching)
Stages of embryogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-Fertilization -
Fusion of gametes
Cleavage- extremely rapid mitotic divisions immediately
following fertilization (formation of blastula)
Gastrulation - Blastomeres (cells of blastula) undergo dramatic
movements and change their position relative to one another;
formation of 3 germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, and
mesoderm)
Organogenesis - production of tissues and organs
Metamorphosis - Transition from larvae (sexually immature) to
adult (sexually mature)
Gametogenesis - Formation of gametes
Fertilization - CORRECT ANSWER-Fusion of gametes
Cleavage - CORRECT ANSWER-extremely rapid mitotic
divisions immediately following fertilization (formation of
blastula)
Gastrulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Blastomeres (cells of
blastula) undergo dramatic movements and change their
position relative to one another; formation of 3 germ layers
(endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm)
Organogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-production of tissues
and organs
,Metamorphosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Transition from larvae
(sexually immature) to adult (sexually mature)
Gametogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-Formation of gametes
Where does gastrulation occur - CORRECT ANSWER-at a
point on the embryonic surface roughly 180 degrees opposite
the point of sperm entry w/ formation of a simple called the
blastopore
what development does the blastopore mark? - CORRECT
ANSWER-the future dorsal side of the embryo and becomes a
ring
Cells that migrate through the blastopore to the embryo's
interior become mesoderm and endoderm
what do ectoderm cells develop into - CORRECT ANSWER-
epidermis, brain and nerves
what do endoderm cells develop into - CORRECT ANSWER-
Lining of the gut and respiratory systems
what do mesoderm cells develop into - CORRECT ANSWER-
Connective tissue, muscle, blood, heart, skeleton, gonads and
kidney
what does Organogenesis begin - CORRECT ANSWER-when
cells on the most dorsal region of the mesoderm condense to
form a rod of cells called the notochord
Notochord - CORRECT ANSWER-A rod of mesoderm that
separates the embryo into right and left halves and instructs the
ectoderm above it to become the nervous system
The mesodermal tissue adjacent to the neural tube and
notochord become...? - CORRECT ANSWER-somites (the
precursors to back muscles, spinal vertebrae, and dermis)
, The pattern of embryonic cleavage to a species is determined
by 2 major parameters: - CORRECT ANSWER-1.The amount
and distribution of yolk protein w/in the cytoplasm
2.Factors in the cytoplasm of the egg
how does the yolk affect cleavage? - CORRECT ANSWER-it
inhibits cleavage and causes it to occur at the animal pole
instead of vegetal pole
describe the yolk at the vegetal pole - CORRECT ANSWER-
yolk rich
describe the yolk at the animal pole - CORRECT ANSWER-low
yolk
3 crucial axes are the foundation of the body - CORRECT
ANSWER-1.Anterior- Posterior aka Head-tail
2.Dorsal- ventral aka back-belly
3.Right-left
Von Baer's laws (4) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. The general
features of a large group of animals appear earlier in
development than do the specialized features of a smaller
group
2. Less general characters develop from the more general, until
finally the most specialized appear
3. The embryo of a given species, instead of passing through
the adult stages of lower animals, departs more and more from
them
4. The early embryo of a higher animal is never like a lower
animal, but only like it's early embryo
Morphogenesis is brought about by... (6) - CORRECT
ANSWER-1. Direction and # of cell divisions
2. Cell shape changes
3. Cell migration
REVIEWED PRACTICE EXAM
Embryogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-the stages between
fertilization and birth (hatching)
Stages of embryogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-Fertilization -
Fusion of gametes
Cleavage- extremely rapid mitotic divisions immediately
following fertilization (formation of blastula)
Gastrulation - Blastomeres (cells of blastula) undergo dramatic
movements and change their position relative to one another;
formation of 3 germ layers (endoderm, ectoderm, and
mesoderm)
Organogenesis - production of tissues and organs
Metamorphosis - Transition from larvae (sexually immature) to
adult (sexually mature)
Gametogenesis - Formation of gametes
Fertilization - CORRECT ANSWER-Fusion of gametes
Cleavage - CORRECT ANSWER-extremely rapid mitotic
divisions immediately following fertilization (formation of
blastula)
Gastrulation - CORRECT ANSWER-Blastomeres (cells of
blastula) undergo dramatic movements and change their
position relative to one another; formation of 3 germ layers
(endoderm, ectoderm, and mesoderm)
Organogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-production of tissues
and organs
,Metamorphosis - CORRECT ANSWER-Transition from larvae
(sexually immature) to adult (sexually mature)
Gametogenesis - CORRECT ANSWER-Formation of gametes
Where does gastrulation occur - CORRECT ANSWER-at a
point on the embryonic surface roughly 180 degrees opposite
the point of sperm entry w/ formation of a simple called the
blastopore
what development does the blastopore mark? - CORRECT
ANSWER-the future dorsal side of the embryo and becomes a
ring
Cells that migrate through the blastopore to the embryo's
interior become mesoderm and endoderm
what do ectoderm cells develop into - CORRECT ANSWER-
epidermis, brain and nerves
what do endoderm cells develop into - CORRECT ANSWER-
Lining of the gut and respiratory systems
what do mesoderm cells develop into - CORRECT ANSWER-
Connective tissue, muscle, blood, heart, skeleton, gonads and
kidney
what does Organogenesis begin - CORRECT ANSWER-when
cells on the most dorsal region of the mesoderm condense to
form a rod of cells called the notochord
Notochord - CORRECT ANSWER-A rod of mesoderm that
separates the embryo into right and left halves and instructs the
ectoderm above it to become the nervous system
The mesodermal tissue adjacent to the neural tube and
notochord become...? - CORRECT ANSWER-somites (the
precursors to back muscles, spinal vertebrae, and dermis)
, The pattern of embryonic cleavage to a species is determined
by 2 major parameters: - CORRECT ANSWER-1.The amount
and distribution of yolk protein w/in the cytoplasm
2.Factors in the cytoplasm of the egg
how does the yolk affect cleavage? - CORRECT ANSWER-it
inhibits cleavage and causes it to occur at the animal pole
instead of vegetal pole
describe the yolk at the vegetal pole - CORRECT ANSWER-
yolk rich
describe the yolk at the animal pole - CORRECT ANSWER-low
yolk
3 crucial axes are the foundation of the body - CORRECT
ANSWER-1.Anterior- Posterior aka Head-tail
2.Dorsal- ventral aka back-belly
3.Right-left
Von Baer's laws (4) - CORRECT ANSWER-1. The general
features of a large group of animals appear earlier in
development than do the specialized features of a smaller
group
2. Less general characters develop from the more general, until
finally the most specialized appear
3. The embryo of a given species, instead of passing through
the adult stages of lower animals, departs more and more from
them
4. The early embryo of a higher animal is never like a lower
animal, but only like it's early embryo
Morphogenesis is brought about by... (6) - CORRECT
ANSWER-1. Direction and # of cell divisions
2. Cell shape changes
3. Cell migration
