BCH 369 EXAM PREP WITH COMPLETE
SOLUTION
Why is the development of catalyst important to the development of life? - =Catalysis allows
living organisms to carry out chemical reactions much more efficiently than without catalysts
What are two major advantages of enzyme catalysts in living organisms when compared with
other simple chemical catalyst such as acids or bases? - =Speed and specificity; work at constant
temp. and make little heat
Why was the development of a coding system important to the development of life? - =Coding
allows for reproduction of cells
List five differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes - =Prokaryotes dont have a well-
defined nucleus, Eukaryotes have a double membrane one. Prokaryotes have a plasma
membrane, Eukaryotes have an extensive internal membrane system. Eukaryotic cells have
membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are
single celled organisms, eukaryotes can be single celled while eukaryotes can be single celled or
multicellular.
Which organelles are surrounded by a double membrane? - =Nuclei, mitochondria, and
chloroplasts
Which organelles contain DNA? - =Nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Nuclei DNA differs
Which organelles are the sites of energy-yielding reactions? - =Mitochondria is where ATP
synthesis occurs and energy is released
List the five kingdoms into which living organisms are divided, give an example of each -
=Monera include bacteria and cyanobacteria. Protista include Euglena, Volvox, Amoeba,
paramecium. Fungi include molds and mushrooms. Plantae include club mosses and oak trees.
Animalia includes spiders, earthworms, salmon, rattlesnakes, robins and dogs.
, Which processes are favored: those that require energy or those that release energy? -
=Processes that release energy are favored
Does the thermodynamic term spontaneous refer to a process that takes place quickly? -
=Spontaneous is energetically favored, doesn't mean fast
Which of the following are spontaneous
1. the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi
2. The oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O in photosynthesis
3. The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
4. The production of glucose and O2 from CO2 and H2O in photosynthesis - =A and b are
spontaneous, c and d are not.
In which does entropy increase?
1. A bottle of ammonia is opened. The odor spreads throughout the room
2. Sodium chloride dissolves in water
3. A protein in completely hydrolyzed to the component amino acids - =In all cases there is an
increase in entropy and the final state has more possible random arrangements than the initial
state.
A reaction at 23 degrees C has delta G = 1kJ. Why might this reaction be spontaneous at 37
degrees C? - =Assuming the value of delta S is positive, an increase in temperature increases the
-delta G contribution of the entropy component to the overall energy change.
Urea dissolves very readily in water, but the solution becomes very cold as the urea dissolves.
How is this possible? It appears that the solution is absorbing energy. - =the heat exchange,
getting colder, reflects only the enthalpy or delta H component of the total energy change. The
entropy change must be high enough to offset the enthalpy component and to add up to an
overall -delta G
SOLUTION
Why is the development of catalyst important to the development of life? - =Catalysis allows
living organisms to carry out chemical reactions much more efficiently than without catalysts
What are two major advantages of enzyme catalysts in living organisms when compared with
other simple chemical catalyst such as acids or bases? - =Speed and specificity; work at constant
temp. and make little heat
Why was the development of a coding system important to the development of life? - =Coding
allows for reproduction of cells
List five differences between prokaryotes and eukaryotes - =Prokaryotes dont have a well-
defined nucleus, Eukaryotes have a double membrane one. Prokaryotes have a plasma
membrane, Eukaryotes have an extensive internal membrane system. Eukaryotic cells have
membrane bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells are larger than prokaryotes. Prokaryotes are
single celled organisms, eukaryotes can be single celled while eukaryotes can be single celled or
multicellular.
Which organelles are surrounded by a double membrane? - =Nuclei, mitochondria, and
chloroplasts
Which organelles contain DNA? - =Nuclei, mitochondria, and chloroplasts. Nuclei DNA differs
Which organelles are the sites of energy-yielding reactions? - =Mitochondria is where ATP
synthesis occurs and energy is released
List the five kingdoms into which living organisms are divided, give an example of each -
=Monera include bacteria and cyanobacteria. Protista include Euglena, Volvox, Amoeba,
paramecium. Fungi include molds and mushrooms. Plantae include club mosses and oak trees.
Animalia includes spiders, earthworms, salmon, rattlesnakes, robins and dogs.
, Which processes are favored: those that require energy or those that release energy? -
=Processes that release energy are favored
Does the thermodynamic term spontaneous refer to a process that takes place quickly? -
=Spontaneous is energetically favored, doesn't mean fast
Which of the following are spontaneous
1. the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and Pi
2. The oxidation of glucose to CO2 and H2O in photosynthesis
3. The phosphorylation of ADP to ATP
4. The production of glucose and O2 from CO2 and H2O in photosynthesis - =A and b are
spontaneous, c and d are not.
In which does entropy increase?
1. A bottle of ammonia is opened. The odor spreads throughout the room
2. Sodium chloride dissolves in water
3. A protein in completely hydrolyzed to the component amino acids - =In all cases there is an
increase in entropy and the final state has more possible random arrangements than the initial
state.
A reaction at 23 degrees C has delta G = 1kJ. Why might this reaction be spontaneous at 37
degrees C? - =Assuming the value of delta S is positive, an increase in temperature increases the
-delta G contribution of the entropy component to the overall energy change.
Urea dissolves very readily in water, but the solution becomes very cold as the urea dissolves.
How is this possible? It appears that the solution is absorbing energy. - =the heat exchange,
getting colder, reflects only the enthalpy or delta H component of the total energy change. The
entropy change must be high enough to offset the enthalpy component and to add up to an
overall -delta G
