DAANCE Module 2 Graded A+

DAANCE Module 2 Graded A+ ASA Classifications - ASA Class 1: ️ Patient with no disturbance. - ASA Class 2: ️ Patient with mild to moderate systemic disturbance. - ASA Class 3: ️ Patient with severe systemic disturbance. - ASA Class 4: ️ Patient with severe life-threatening systemic disorder. - ASA Class 5: ️ Patient is moribund with little chance of survival. Cardiovascular Conditions - Ischemia: ️ Deficiency of blood to a body part due to functional constriction or obstruction of a blood vessel. - Angina Pectoris: ️ Pain in the chest with a feeling of suffocation, usually due to a deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium. - Myocardial Infarction: ️ Necrosis of tissue of the myocardium resulting from an interruption of blood supply, such as in coronary thrombosis. - Rheumatic Heart Disease: ️ Damage to the heart, primarily the valves, caused by a systemic bacterial infection. - Mitral Valve Prolapse: ️ A valvular heart disorder where one or both mitral valve flaps close incompletely. - Endocarditis: ️ Inflammation of the myocardium (lining of heart cavities). - Hypertension: ️ Elevated blood pressure, greater than 140/90. Medications - Beta Blockers: ️ Medications (e.g., atenolol) that decrease the force and rate of contraction of the heart; treats high blood pressure. - Vasodilators: ️ Medications (e.g., Norvasc, Lisinopril, Diovan) used to reduce pressure in the vasculature; treats high blood pressure. - Diuretics: ️ Medications (e.g., HCTZ, Lasix) that reduce fluid volume in the system, promote urine excretion, and decrease blood volume; treats high blood pressure. - Digitalis: ️ Pharmacologic agent used to treat congestive heart failure, atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and paroxysmal tachycardia; increases the force of cardiac contraction. Heart Failure - Congestive Heart Failure: ️ A syndrome due to heart disease, characterized by breathlessness and abnormal fluid retention, resulting in edema. - Left-sided Heart Failure: ️ Left side of the heart fails to pump efficiently, causing blood to back up into the lungs. - Right-sided Heart Failure: ️ Right side of the heart fails to pump efficiently, causing blood to back up in the peripheral circulation and resulting in peripheral edema. Congenital and Rhythm Disorders - Congenital Heart Disease: ️ Cardiac disease caused by structural defects present since birth. - Arrhythmia: ️ Any variation from the normal rhythm of the heartbeat. - Dysrhythmia: ️ Disturbance of cardiac rhythm. Normal Sinus Rhythm and Cardiac Parameters - Normal Sinus Rhythm: ️ Regular rhythm with a rate of 60-100 bpm, containing P waves, QRS complexes, and T waves. - P Wave: ️ Represents atrial depolarization; the first elevation on an ECG. - QRS Complex: ️ Represents ventricular depolarization; narrow, less than half of one large block in width. - T Wave: ️ Represents ventricular repolarization. Cardiac Electrical Activity - PR Interval: ️ Duration from the beginning of the P wave to the beginning of the R wave; less than the width of one wide block. - Automaticity: ️ Condition of being automatic. - Ectopic Focus: ️ A displaced central point of origin for a cardiac dysrhythmia. - Supraventricular Foci: ️ Points of origin for dysrhythmias located above the ventricles, in the atria. - Ventricular Foci: ️ Points of origin for dysrhythmias located within the ventricles. Types of Cardiac Rhythms - Sinus Rhythms: ️ Cardiac rhythms where the pacemaker is the sinoatrial node. - Atrial (Supraventricular) Rhythms: ️ Dysrhythmias where the pacemaker is in the atria above the ventricles. - Ventricular Rhythms: ️ Cardiac dysrhythmias where the pacemaker is in the ventricles. - Arrest Rhythms: ️ Cardiac rhythms indicating cardiac arrest (e.g., pulseless ventricular tachycardia). Firing Rates of Pacemakers - SA Node: ️ Rate of firing: 60-100 bpm.