EXRX Final Study Guide with Complete Solutions

EXRX Final Study Guide with Complete Solutions Chapter 1: Benefits and Risks Associated with Physical Activity Definition of Physical Activity - Answer️️ -Physical activity - Any bodily movement produced by the contraction of skeletal muscles that results in a substantial increase in caloric requirements over resting energy expenditure Definition of Physical Exercise - Answer️️ -Exercise - A type of physical activity consisting of planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement done to improve and/or maintain one or more components of physical fitness Components of Health-Related Fitness Components - Answer️️ -Health- Related Physical Fitness Components Cardiorespiratory endurance: The ability of the circulatory and respiratory system to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity. Body composition: The relative amounts of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts of the body. Muscular strength: The ability of muscle to exert force. Muscular endurance: The ability of muscle to continue to perform without fatigue. Flexibility: The range of motion available at a joint. ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 25, 2024 2:42 PM 2 Components of Skill-Related Fitness Components - Answer️️ -Skill- Related Physical Fitness Components Agility: The ability to change the position of the body in space with speed and accuracy. Coordination: The ability to use the senses, such as sight and hearing, together with body parts in performing tasks smoothly and accurately. Balance: The maintenance of equilibrium while stationary or moving. Power: The ability or rate at which one can perform work. Reaction time: The time elapsed between stimulation and the beginning of the reaction to it. Speed: The ability to perform a movement within a short period of time. Definition of METs Ranges for low, moderate, and high intensity - Answer️️ -1 MET = energy cost of rest (1MET = 3,500ml/kg/min) Light: 3 METs Moderate: 3-6 METs; Walking 3mph/Water Aerobics/Biking 10mph, Ballroom Dance/Gardening Vigorous: 6 METs Jogging or running, Lap swimming, Bicycling (10 mph), Aerobic dancing, Heavy gardening (digging), Backpacking ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 25, 2024 2:42 PM 3 Physical Activity relationship with different disease states (HINT: Inverse Relationship) - Answer️️ -150 min/week of PA = ↓ CHD risk by 14% 300 min/week of PA = ↓ CHD risk by 20% Benefits of Physical Activity - Improvement in Cardiovascular and Respiratory Function - Answer️️ -Increased maximal oxygen uptake resulting from both central and peripheral adaptations Decreased minute ventilation at a given absolute submaximal intensity Decreased myocardial oxygen cost for a given absolute submaximal intensity Decreased heart rate and blood pressure at a given submaximal intensity Increased capillary density in skeletal muscle Increased exercise threshold for the accumulation of lactate in the blood Increased exercise threshold for the onset of disease signs or symptoms (e.g., angina pectoris, ischemic ST-segment depression, claudication) ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 25, 2024 2:42 PM 4 Benefits of Physical Activity - Reduction in Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors - Answer️️ -Reduced resting systolic/diastolic pressure Increased serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and decreased serum triglycerides Reduced total body fat, reduced intra-abdominal fat Reduced insulin needs, improved glucose tolerance Reduced blood platelet adhesiveness and aggregation Reduced inflammation Benefits of Physical Activity - Decreased Morbidity and Mortality - Answer️️ -Primary prevention (i.e., interventions to prevent the initial occurrence) Higher activity and/or fitness levels are associated with lower death rates from coronary artery disease Higher activity and/or fitness levels are associated with lower incidence rates for CVD, CAD, stroke, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, osteoporotic fractures, cancer of the colon and breast, and gallbladder disease Secondary prevention (i.e., interventions after a cardiac event to prevent another) Based on meta-analyses (i.e., pooled data across studies), cardiovascular and all-cause mortality are reduced in patients with post-myocardial ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 25, 2024 2:42 PM 5 infarction (MI) who participate in cardiac rehabilitation exercise training, especially as a component of multifactorial risk factor reduction Randomized controlled trials of cardiac rehabilitation exercise training involving patients with post-MI do not support a reduction in the rate of nonfatal reinfarction (MI). Benefits of Physical Activity - Other Benefits - Answer️️ -Decreased anxiety and depression Improved cognitive function Enhanced physical function and independent living in older individuals Enhanced feelings of well-being Enhanced performance of work, recreational, and sport activities Reduced risk of falls and injuries from falls in older individuals Prevention or mitigation of functional limitations in older adults Effective therapy for many chronic diseases in older adults Benefits of Physical Activity - Recommendations - Answer️️ -30 min of moderate intensity exercise 5 days per week or 20 min of vigorous intensity exercise 3 days per week Risks associated with exercise - Answer️️ -Exercise Related Cardiac Events Exercise Testing and The Risk of Cardiac Events ©SOPHIABENNETT@ Sunday, August 25, 2024 2:42 PM 6 Prevention methods (cardiac events) Health care professionals should know the pathologic conditions associated with exercise-related events so that physically active children and adults can be appropriately evaluated. Physically active individuals should know the nature of early cardiac symptoms and seek prompt medical care if such symptoms develop High school and college athletes should undergo preparticipation screening by qualified professionals. Athletes with known cardiac conditions or a family history should be evaluated prior to competition using established guidelines. Chapter 2: Preparticipation Health Screening - Answer️