COMD 4450 Final Exam Rated A+
Automatic Reinforcements - ANSWER-situations in which behavior is maintained by
operant mechanisms independent of the social environment.
Bilingual Bicultural Approach - ANSWER-In the bilingual-bicultural program, it is
advocated that children who are deaf be taught ASL as a first language, then be taught
written and/or spoken English as a second language. Bilingual-bicultural programs
emphasize that English and ASL are equal languages, and they work to help children
develop age-appropriate levels of fluency in both languages. The bilingual-bicultural
approach holds the belief that deaf children are visual learners as opposed to auditory
learners. Therefore, classes should be conducted in a complete visual language
Bilingual/Bicultural Approach: Children are exposed to ASL as first language for
communication and learn English in the school setting to develop reading and writing
skills.
CAPD - ANSWER-Central Auditory Processing Disorders•Prevalence estimates:
Anywhere from .5 - 20 percent depending on which research you read.
•No agreed-on diagnostic criteria•Do their auditory processing problems result in their
language disorders or do their language disorders lead to poor performance on auditory
processing tasks or do both problems stem from some other condition?
•ASHA stated, CAPD involves "difficulties in the perceptual processing of auditory
information in the CNS as demonstrated by poor performance in one or more of the
following skills": sound localization and lateralization, auditory discrimination, auditory
pattern recognition, temporal aspects of audition, auditory performance in competing
acoustic signals and auditory performance with degraded acoustic signals. •CAPD and
APD are used interchangeably.
CAPD (continued) (END OF MODULE 14) - ANSWER-Typically identified by
audiologists based on school-age children's failure on a number of behavioral auditory
processing measures.
•No gold standard assessment measure or test battery. •Need to get consensus on the
conceptualization of CAPD and the assessment approaches.
CAPD Intervention and Management
•No direct evidence to support that temporal processing deficits underlie or actually
cause language impairments.
•Programs such as Fast ForWord, Earobics, and Phonomena do not have direct
evidence to support enhancement of temporal processing abilities in children who have
language disorders.
•Two studies that suggested significant gains in language skills after completing the
program were found by Gillam (1999) were called into question due to design flaws and
methodological weaknesses.
•Environmental modifications: reduce background noise, preferential seating, curricular
modifications are important and useful.
, Causes of hearing loss - ANSWER--genetic/hereditary factors
-infections
-developmental abnormalities
-environmental/traumatic factors
Causes of hearing loss - ANSWER-Mixed Hearing Loss: One that has both a
conductive and a sensorineural element.
•Central Auditory Processing Disorder: No evidence of hearing loss; rather, there are
varying degrees of difficulty with auditory processing that result in comprehension and
speech perception deficits that are believed to interfere with language development.
•Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder: present with hearing losses and show
evidence of a neural disturbance in the auditory pathway/auditory brain stem despite
normal cochlear function.
Causes of hearing loss - ANSWER-Prelingual vs. Postlingual - 2 years of age is
generally used as the dividing line.
•Prelingual: Genetic factors (heredity) and meningitis are two common causes.
Prematurity, maternal rubella, cytomegalovirus, middle ear infections.
•Stable, Progressive, Fluctuating
Parental Hearing Status
Central Auditory Processing Disorders•Prevalence estimates: Anywhere from .5 - 20
percent depending on which research you read.
•No agreed-on diagnostic criteria•
Do their auditory processing problems result in their language disorders or do their
language disorders lead to poor performance on auditory processing tasks or do both
problems stem from some other condition? •ASHA stated, CAPD involves "difficulties in
the perceptual processing of auditory information in the CNS as demonstrated by poor
performance in one or more of the following skills": sound localization and lateralization,
auditory discrimination, auditory pattern recognition, temporal aspects of audition,
auditory performance in competing acoustic signals and auditory performance with
degraded acoustic signals. •CAPD and APD are used interchangeably.
Chronological Age - ANSWER-Please know how to calculate chronological age based
on various birthdates.
Classifications of hearing loss - Conductive vs. Sensorineural - ANSWER-Conductive
Hearing Loss: Caused by damage in the external ear canal, eardrum, or middle ear.
Generally, these deficits show as a flat audiogram. Clarity is not impaired.
•Most common type. May be caused by impacted wax or infection (middle ear effusion).
•Effusion can be treated medically or surgically.
•Greater prevalence of effusion in Native Americans and Aboriginal Australians.
•Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Caused by damage to the inner ear, specifically to hair
cells located in the cochlea and/or the auditory nerve or in the auditory neurological
pathways to the brain.
Automatic Reinforcements - ANSWER-situations in which behavior is maintained by
operant mechanisms independent of the social environment.
Bilingual Bicultural Approach - ANSWER-In the bilingual-bicultural program, it is
advocated that children who are deaf be taught ASL as a first language, then be taught
written and/or spoken English as a second language. Bilingual-bicultural programs
emphasize that English and ASL are equal languages, and they work to help children
develop age-appropriate levels of fluency in both languages. The bilingual-bicultural
approach holds the belief that deaf children are visual learners as opposed to auditory
learners. Therefore, classes should be conducted in a complete visual language
Bilingual/Bicultural Approach: Children are exposed to ASL as first language for
communication and learn English in the school setting to develop reading and writing
skills.
CAPD - ANSWER-Central Auditory Processing Disorders•Prevalence estimates:
Anywhere from .5 - 20 percent depending on which research you read.
•No agreed-on diagnostic criteria•Do their auditory processing problems result in their
language disorders or do their language disorders lead to poor performance on auditory
processing tasks or do both problems stem from some other condition?
•ASHA stated, CAPD involves "difficulties in the perceptual processing of auditory
information in the CNS as demonstrated by poor performance in one or more of the
following skills": sound localization and lateralization, auditory discrimination, auditory
pattern recognition, temporal aspects of audition, auditory performance in competing
acoustic signals and auditory performance with degraded acoustic signals. •CAPD and
APD are used interchangeably.
CAPD (continued) (END OF MODULE 14) - ANSWER-Typically identified by
audiologists based on school-age children's failure on a number of behavioral auditory
processing measures.
•No gold standard assessment measure or test battery. •Need to get consensus on the
conceptualization of CAPD and the assessment approaches.
CAPD Intervention and Management
•No direct evidence to support that temporal processing deficits underlie or actually
cause language impairments.
•Programs such as Fast ForWord, Earobics, and Phonomena do not have direct
evidence to support enhancement of temporal processing abilities in children who have
language disorders.
•Two studies that suggested significant gains in language skills after completing the
program were found by Gillam (1999) were called into question due to design flaws and
methodological weaknesses.
•Environmental modifications: reduce background noise, preferential seating, curricular
modifications are important and useful.
, Causes of hearing loss - ANSWER--genetic/hereditary factors
-infections
-developmental abnormalities
-environmental/traumatic factors
Causes of hearing loss - ANSWER-Mixed Hearing Loss: One that has both a
conductive and a sensorineural element.
•Central Auditory Processing Disorder: No evidence of hearing loss; rather, there are
varying degrees of difficulty with auditory processing that result in comprehension and
speech perception deficits that are believed to interfere with language development.
•Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder: present with hearing losses and show
evidence of a neural disturbance in the auditory pathway/auditory brain stem despite
normal cochlear function.
Causes of hearing loss - ANSWER-Prelingual vs. Postlingual - 2 years of age is
generally used as the dividing line.
•Prelingual: Genetic factors (heredity) and meningitis are two common causes.
Prematurity, maternal rubella, cytomegalovirus, middle ear infections.
•Stable, Progressive, Fluctuating
Parental Hearing Status
Central Auditory Processing Disorders•Prevalence estimates: Anywhere from .5 - 20
percent depending on which research you read.
•No agreed-on diagnostic criteria•
Do their auditory processing problems result in their language disorders or do their
language disorders lead to poor performance on auditory processing tasks or do both
problems stem from some other condition? •ASHA stated, CAPD involves "difficulties in
the perceptual processing of auditory information in the CNS as demonstrated by poor
performance in one or more of the following skills": sound localization and lateralization,
auditory discrimination, auditory pattern recognition, temporal aspects of audition,
auditory performance in competing acoustic signals and auditory performance with
degraded acoustic signals. •CAPD and APD are used interchangeably.
Chronological Age - ANSWER-Please know how to calculate chronological age based
on various birthdates.
Classifications of hearing loss - Conductive vs. Sensorineural - ANSWER-Conductive
Hearing Loss: Caused by damage in the external ear canal, eardrum, or middle ear.
Generally, these deficits show as a flat audiogram. Clarity is not impaired.
•Most common type. May be caused by impacted wax or infection (middle ear effusion).
•Effusion can be treated medically or surgically.
•Greater prevalence of effusion in Native Americans and Aboriginal Australians.
•Sensorineural Hearing Loss: Caused by damage to the inner ear, specifically to hair
cells located in the cochlea and/or the auditory nerve or in the auditory neurological
pathways to the brain.
