NURS 236 Midterm 1 Test With
Complete Solution
Medically relevant MOs - ANSWER bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses,
multicellular animal parasites
How do we distinguish between MOs - ANSWER Appearance-
number/type/shape/arrangement Functioning- reproduction/diet/movement
Genetic traits- DNA sequences
Bacteria definition - ANSWER microscopic single cell organism present
everywhere by the millions
Bacteria appearance - ANSWER unicellular, prokaryotic, bacilli/cocci/spirillum
in different arrangements, cell walls made of peptidoglycan
Bacteria function - ANSWER reproduce by binary fission, some use flagella
for movement, nutrition can be environmental (inorganic chemicals &
photosynthesis) or organic (living or dead organisms)
Fungus definition - ANSWER spore producing organism
Fungi appearance - ANSWER unicellular (yeast) or multicellular
(molds/mushrooms), eukaryotic, most have cell walls made of chitin
Fugus function - ANSWER either sexual or nonsexual reproduction, nutrition
from the environment (organic matter) or from the host
Viruses definition - ANSWER obligate intracellular parasite
Virus appearance - ANSWER acellular, protein capsid, some have envelopes
,Virus function - ANSWER reproduction & nutrition requires host cell
machinery
Virus genetic traits - ANSWER only one type of nucleic acid (either DNA or
RNA)
Protozoa appearance - ANSWER unicellular, eukaryotic, misc. grouping of
organisms
Protozoa function - ANSWER flagella/pseudopods/cilia, sexual or asexual
reproduction, nutrition from environment (free living), host (parasites), and
photosynthesis
Multicellular animal parasite examples - ANSWER helminths (parasitic
worms) ex. roundworms (nematodes) & flatworms (platyhelminths) and
Arthropods (mosquitos/ticks/mites/fleas/lice)
Jenner 1796 - ANSWER discovered the small pox vaccine
Pasteur 1880 - ANSWER discovered fowl cholera vaccine
Study of parasites - ANSWER parasitology
Study of fungi - ANSWER mycology
Study of the immune system - ANSWER immunology
Study of bacteria - ANSWER bacteriology
Study of viruses - ANSWER virology
Study of protozoa - ANSWER protozoology
Define emerging infectious disease - ANSWER Presence of pathogen causes
disease and is transmissible between people. Diseases have not been seen
, before
Define reemerging infectious disease & example - ANSWER diseases that
have changed to present a new threat or potential threat. Ex. SARS-COV2 to
COVID-19
Emerging infectious disease examples - ANSWER influenza (H1N1 swine flu
and H5N1 avian flu), antibiotic resistance (Staphylococcus aureus,
enterococci, & tuberculosis), west Nile, bovine spongiform encephalopathy,
hemorrhagic fevers, HIV/AIDS, zoonoses, COVID 19
Define magnification - ANSWER How much larger is the image compared to
the actual size of the sample.
What does magnification depend on - ANSWER the glass of the lens
Define resolution - ANSWER How far apart can 2 distinct points be
distinguished
What does resolution depend on - ANSWER Depends on the glass of the lens
and the wavelength of the light
2 types of microscopy - ANSWER light and electron microscopy
Define light microscopy - ANSWER uses light to illuminate the sample
Define electron microscopy - ANSWER uses beams of accelerated electrons to
illuminate the sample
How can light microscopy kill samples - ANSWER the dyes used and the heat
from the light can kill samples
How can electron microscopy kill/alter samples - ANSWER the heavy metals
used to prepare samples and the electrons themselves
Complete Solution
Medically relevant MOs - ANSWER bacteria, fungi, protozoa, viruses,
multicellular animal parasites
How do we distinguish between MOs - ANSWER Appearance-
number/type/shape/arrangement Functioning- reproduction/diet/movement
Genetic traits- DNA sequences
Bacteria definition - ANSWER microscopic single cell organism present
everywhere by the millions
Bacteria appearance - ANSWER unicellular, prokaryotic, bacilli/cocci/spirillum
in different arrangements, cell walls made of peptidoglycan
Bacteria function - ANSWER reproduce by binary fission, some use flagella
for movement, nutrition can be environmental (inorganic chemicals &
photosynthesis) or organic (living or dead organisms)
Fungus definition - ANSWER spore producing organism
Fungi appearance - ANSWER unicellular (yeast) or multicellular
(molds/mushrooms), eukaryotic, most have cell walls made of chitin
Fugus function - ANSWER either sexual or nonsexual reproduction, nutrition
from the environment (organic matter) or from the host
Viruses definition - ANSWER obligate intracellular parasite
Virus appearance - ANSWER acellular, protein capsid, some have envelopes
,Virus function - ANSWER reproduction & nutrition requires host cell
machinery
Virus genetic traits - ANSWER only one type of nucleic acid (either DNA or
RNA)
Protozoa appearance - ANSWER unicellular, eukaryotic, misc. grouping of
organisms
Protozoa function - ANSWER flagella/pseudopods/cilia, sexual or asexual
reproduction, nutrition from environment (free living), host (parasites), and
photosynthesis
Multicellular animal parasite examples - ANSWER helminths (parasitic
worms) ex. roundworms (nematodes) & flatworms (platyhelminths) and
Arthropods (mosquitos/ticks/mites/fleas/lice)
Jenner 1796 - ANSWER discovered the small pox vaccine
Pasteur 1880 - ANSWER discovered fowl cholera vaccine
Study of parasites - ANSWER parasitology
Study of fungi - ANSWER mycology
Study of the immune system - ANSWER immunology
Study of bacteria - ANSWER bacteriology
Study of viruses - ANSWER virology
Study of protozoa - ANSWER protozoology
Define emerging infectious disease - ANSWER Presence of pathogen causes
disease and is transmissible between people. Diseases have not been seen
, before
Define reemerging infectious disease & example - ANSWER diseases that
have changed to present a new threat or potential threat. Ex. SARS-COV2 to
COVID-19
Emerging infectious disease examples - ANSWER influenza (H1N1 swine flu
and H5N1 avian flu), antibiotic resistance (Staphylococcus aureus,
enterococci, & tuberculosis), west Nile, bovine spongiform encephalopathy,
hemorrhagic fevers, HIV/AIDS, zoonoses, COVID 19
Define magnification - ANSWER How much larger is the image compared to
the actual size of the sample.
What does magnification depend on - ANSWER the glass of the lens
Define resolution - ANSWER How far apart can 2 distinct points be
distinguished
What does resolution depend on - ANSWER Depends on the glass of the lens
and the wavelength of the light
2 types of microscopy - ANSWER light and electron microscopy
Define light microscopy - ANSWER uses light to illuminate the sample
Define electron microscopy - ANSWER uses beams of accelerated electrons to
illuminate the sample
How can light microscopy kill samples - ANSWER the dyes used and the heat
from the light can kill samples
How can electron microscopy kill/alter samples - ANSWER the heavy metals
used to prepare samples and the electrons themselves
