PFT Study Guide with Complete Solutions
A loss of elasticity of the lung tissue will cause the FRC to: - ANSWER-increase
All lung volumes and capacities must be reported under - ANSWER-BTPS: body
temperature, ambient pressure, saturated
Anaerobic Threshold test - ANSWER-when the body is stressed by exercise, there is a
point at which oxygen need exceeds availability, and a backup mode of metabolism
called anaerobic (without oxygen) metabolism is brought into action
*Useful* for identifying this point for athletes in training and for pts. with heart disease
who may need an individualized exercise program that is safe for them. Proper exercise
training will increase the anaerobic threshold.
Carbon monoxide is used in DLCO studies instead of oxygen because carbon
monoxide is - ANSWER-diffusion limited and not perfusion limited
Closing capacity is determined by - ANSWER-CV+RV
Closing volume (CV) test - ANSWER-special form of nitrogen washout, for early
diagnosis of obstruction in the *small airways*
Contraindications include: - ANSWER-- pneumothorax (untreated)
- hemoptysis
- cardiovascular disease
- cataract removal surgery (ocular pressure)
Determinants of gas exchange across the membrane include: - ANSWER-- Thickness
of the alveolar -capillary membrane
- Diffusion coefficient of carbon monoxide in the lungs
- Surface area of the membrane
Diffusing capacity - ANSWER-how well your lungs add oxygen & remove carbon dioxide
Disease associated with a reduced DLCO? - ANSWER-- Emphysema
- Pulmonary embolus
- Pulmonary fibrosis
Exercise Testing include: - ANSWER-- ventilatory capacity (VC)
- Stress ECG
- Anaerobic threshold
- Blood gases
- Bronchial provocation
- Maximal oxygen uptake (O2 max)
, Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) may be reduced in - ANSWER-- *O*besity
- *R*estrictive disorders
- *Poor Effort* during testing
If measured FVC is significantly smaller than SVC, what is occurring? - ANSWER-air
trapping
Lung volumes - ANSWER-how much air your lungs can hold
Lung volumes and flow rates are affected typically when the BMI is greater than: -
ANSWER-*BMI>30*
as a person gains weight, lung volumes and flow rates do not changes until the person
becomes obese (BMI>30)
Maximal oxygen uptake (O2 max) - ANSWER-designed to identify the level of exercise
that causes the pt. to reach maximum oxygen consumption
Methacholine - ANSWER-(inhaled histamine) used commonly to challenge the pt. in
*bronchoprovocation testing*
Nitrogen Washout test - ANSWER-used to determine the distribution of ventilation
Normal minute ventilation of an average person at rest - ANSWER-4 to 12 L/min
(depending of the size of the pt.)
Normal tidal volume is estimated at - ANSWER-5 to 7 mL/kg of normal body weight
Obstructive lung disorders reduce FVC by - ANSWER-increase in RV (caused by air
trapping)
Parameters to establish normal values for PFTs - ANSWER--*G*ender
-*H*eight
-*R*ace
- Age
Primary problem in Obstructive lung disease is - ANSWER-increased airway resistance
(Raw)
*Present if *expiratory flow* is below normal (less than 80% predicted)
Primary problem in Restrictive lung disease is - ANSWER-reduced lung/thoracic
compliance
and the pressure needed to expand the lungs is usually elevated
A loss of elasticity of the lung tissue will cause the FRC to: - ANSWER-increase
All lung volumes and capacities must be reported under - ANSWER-BTPS: body
temperature, ambient pressure, saturated
Anaerobic Threshold test - ANSWER-when the body is stressed by exercise, there is a
point at which oxygen need exceeds availability, and a backup mode of metabolism
called anaerobic (without oxygen) metabolism is brought into action
*Useful* for identifying this point for athletes in training and for pts. with heart disease
who may need an individualized exercise program that is safe for them. Proper exercise
training will increase the anaerobic threshold.
Carbon monoxide is used in DLCO studies instead of oxygen because carbon
monoxide is - ANSWER-diffusion limited and not perfusion limited
Closing capacity is determined by - ANSWER-CV+RV
Closing volume (CV) test - ANSWER-special form of nitrogen washout, for early
diagnosis of obstruction in the *small airways*
Contraindications include: - ANSWER-- pneumothorax (untreated)
- hemoptysis
- cardiovascular disease
- cataract removal surgery (ocular pressure)
Determinants of gas exchange across the membrane include: - ANSWER-- Thickness
of the alveolar -capillary membrane
- Diffusion coefficient of carbon monoxide in the lungs
- Surface area of the membrane
Diffusing capacity - ANSWER-how well your lungs add oxygen & remove carbon dioxide
Disease associated with a reduced DLCO? - ANSWER-- Emphysema
- Pulmonary embolus
- Pulmonary fibrosis
Exercise Testing include: - ANSWER-- ventilatory capacity (VC)
- Stress ECG
- Anaerobic threshold
- Blood gases
- Bronchial provocation
- Maximal oxygen uptake (O2 max)
, Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV) may be reduced in - ANSWER-- *O*besity
- *R*estrictive disorders
- *Poor Effort* during testing
If measured FVC is significantly smaller than SVC, what is occurring? - ANSWER-air
trapping
Lung volumes - ANSWER-how much air your lungs can hold
Lung volumes and flow rates are affected typically when the BMI is greater than: -
ANSWER-*BMI>30*
as a person gains weight, lung volumes and flow rates do not changes until the person
becomes obese (BMI>30)
Maximal oxygen uptake (O2 max) - ANSWER-designed to identify the level of exercise
that causes the pt. to reach maximum oxygen consumption
Methacholine - ANSWER-(inhaled histamine) used commonly to challenge the pt. in
*bronchoprovocation testing*
Nitrogen Washout test - ANSWER-used to determine the distribution of ventilation
Normal minute ventilation of an average person at rest - ANSWER-4 to 12 L/min
(depending of the size of the pt.)
Normal tidal volume is estimated at - ANSWER-5 to 7 mL/kg of normal body weight
Obstructive lung disorders reduce FVC by - ANSWER-increase in RV (caused by air
trapping)
Parameters to establish normal values for PFTs - ANSWER--*G*ender
-*H*eight
-*R*ace
- Age
Primary problem in Obstructive lung disease is - ANSWER-increased airway resistance
(Raw)
*Present if *expiratory flow* is below normal (less than 80% predicted)
Primary problem in Restrictive lung disease is - ANSWER-reduced lung/thoracic
compliance
and the pressure needed to expand the lungs is usually elevated
