Test Bank For Burns & Grove's the Practice of Nursing
Research 8th Edition By Jennifer R. Gray, PhD, RN, FAAN,
Susan K. Grove, PhD, RN, ANP-BC, GNP-BC and Suzanne
Sutherland, PhD 9780323377584 Chapter 1-29 Complete Guide
.
Principal for respect for persons - ANSWER: Holds that persons have the right to self-determination
and the freedom to participate or not participate in research
Ethical principals (there are three) - ANSWER: The principle of respect for persons
The principle of justice
Principle of beneficence
Principal of justice - ANSWER: Holds that human participants should be treated fairly
Principle of beneficence - ANSWER: Requires the researcher to do good and avoid causing harm
Common rule - ANSWER: DHHS regulations are known as this
Human rights - ANSWER: Justifiable claims and demands that are necessary for the self respect
dignity, and freedom of choice for an individual.
right to self-determination - ANSWER: Is based on the ethical principle of respect. For persons.
Respect for persons means that humans are capable of self-determination or making their own
decisions.
Autonomous agents - ANSWER: prospective subjects who are informed about a proposed study and
who can voluntarily choose whether to participate
covert data collection - ANSWER: subjects are unaware that research data are being collected
Researchers do this because the study involves collecting data about normal activity or routine of
health care.
Deception - ANSWER: misleading participants about the true purpose of a study or the events that will
actually transpire
Coercion - ANSWER: When one person intentionally presents another with an overt threat of harm or
the lure of excessive reward to obtain his or her compliance.
Autonomy - ANSWER: The ability to make a voluntary decision based on comprehending information
about the study.
Diminished autonomy - ANSWER: Persons are said to be incompetent if a qualified healthcare
provider judges them to be unable to comprehend.
Groups needing additional protection - ANSWER: Prisoners
Terminally ill participants
Pregnant women and fetuses
Neonates
Children and adolescents
, Assent - ANSWER: A child's affirmative agreement to participate in research, is an example (when
possible).
Permission from a parent or guardian must be obtained.
Permission to participate in a study - ANSWER: Means that the parent or guardian agrees to the
participation of the child or ward in research
privacy - ANSWER: Is an individual's right to determine the time, extent, and general circumstances
under which personal information is shared with or withheld from others.
invasion of privacy - ANSWER: Occurs when private information is shared without an individual's
knowledge or against his or her will
Individually identifiable health information (IIHI) - ANSWER: Information that is a subset of health
information, including demographic information collected from an individual and
1. Is created or received by healthcare provider, health plan, or healthcare clearinghouse
2. Is related to past present, or future physical or mental health or condition of individuals, or past or
present, or future payment for the provision of health care to an individual, and that identifies the
individual: or with respect to which there is a reasonable basis to believe that the information can be
used to identify the individuals
De-Identification - ANSWER: Consists of removing 18 items from patient records before they are
released to other agencies or researchers.
The 18 items include name, contact information, identification numbers, photographs, biometrics,
and other elements by which a participant could potentially be identified.
Because de-identification includes removing dates, researchers using de-identified data may not be
able to answer some research questions such length of hospital stay and seasonal patterns to diseases
Safe harbor - ANSWER: Certifying that the 18 elements for identification have been removed or
revised to ensure the individual is not identified.
Data use agreement - ANSWER: limits how the data set may be used and how it will be protected.
secondary data analysis - ANSWER: the process of searching for interpreting existing information
relevant to the research topic
Reuses data collected for a previous study or for other purposes, such as data in clinical or
administrative data bases.
Confidentiality - ANSWER: the act of holding information in confidence, not to be released to
unauthorized individuals
Th researcher's management of private information shared by a participant that must not be shared
with others without the authorization of the participant.
Breech of confidentiality - ANSWER: Failure to keep privileged medical information private
Can occur when a researcher, by accident or direct action, allows an unauthorized person to gain
access to a study's raw data
Passive data collection - ANSWER: it is using a methodology which takes place without the
"participants" awareness and without them having to do anything towards the research
Research 8th Edition By Jennifer R. Gray, PhD, RN, FAAN,
Susan K. Grove, PhD, RN, ANP-BC, GNP-BC and Suzanne
Sutherland, PhD 9780323377584 Chapter 1-29 Complete Guide
.
Principal for respect for persons - ANSWER: Holds that persons have the right to self-determination
and the freedom to participate or not participate in research
Ethical principals (there are three) - ANSWER: The principle of respect for persons
The principle of justice
Principle of beneficence
Principal of justice - ANSWER: Holds that human participants should be treated fairly
Principle of beneficence - ANSWER: Requires the researcher to do good and avoid causing harm
Common rule - ANSWER: DHHS regulations are known as this
Human rights - ANSWER: Justifiable claims and demands that are necessary for the self respect
dignity, and freedom of choice for an individual.
right to self-determination - ANSWER: Is based on the ethical principle of respect. For persons.
Respect for persons means that humans are capable of self-determination or making their own
decisions.
Autonomous agents - ANSWER: prospective subjects who are informed about a proposed study and
who can voluntarily choose whether to participate
covert data collection - ANSWER: subjects are unaware that research data are being collected
Researchers do this because the study involves collecting data about normal activity or routine of
health care.
Deception - ANSWER: misleading participants about the true purpose of a study or the events that will
actually transpire
Coercion - ANSWER: When one person intentionally presents another with an overt threat of harm or
the lure of excessive reward to obtain his or her compliance.
Autonomy - ANSWER: The ability to make a voluntary decision based on comprehending information
about the study.
Diminished autonomy - ANSWER: Persons are said to be incompetent if a qualified healthcare
provider judges them to be unable to comprehend.
Groups needing additional protection - ANSWER: Prisoners
Terminally ill participants
Pregnant women and fetuses
Neonates
Children and adolescents
, Assent - ANSWER: A child's affirmative agreement to participate in research, is an example (when
possible).
Permission from a parent or guardian must be obtained.
Permission to participate in a study - ANSWER: Means that the parent or guardian agrees to the
participation of the child or ward in research
privacy - ANSWER: Is an individual's right to determine the time, extent, and general circumstances
under which personal information is shared with or withheld from others.
invasion of privacy - ANSWER: Occurs when private information is shared without an individual's
knowledge or against his or her will
Individually identifiable health information (IIHI) - ANSWER: Information that is a subset of health
information, including demographic information collected from an individual and
1. Is created or received by healthcare provider, health plan, or healthcare clearinghouse
2. Is related to past present, or future physical or mental health or condition of individuals, or past or
present, or future payment for the provision of health care to an individual, and that identifies the
individual: or with respect to which there is a reasonable basis to believe that the information can be
used to identify the individuals
De-Identification - ANSWER: Consists of removing 18 items from patient records before they are
released to other agencies or researchers.
The 18 items include name, contact information, identification numbers, photographs, biometrics,
and other elements by which a participant could potentially be identified.
Because de-identification includes removing dates, researchers using de-identified data may not be
able to answer some research questions such length of hospital stay and seasonal patterns to diseases
Safe harbor - ANSWER: Certifying that the 18 elements for identification have been removed or
revised to ensure the individual is not identified.
Data use agreement - ANSWER: limits how the data set may be used and how it will be protected.
secondary data analysis - ANSWER: the process of searching for interpreting existing information
relevant to the research topic
Reuses data collected for a previous study or for other purposes, such as data in clinical or
administrative data bases.
Confidentiality - ANSWER: the act of holding information in confidence, not to be released to
unauthorized individuals
Th researcher's management of private information shared by a participant that must not be shared
with others without the authorization of the participant.
Breech of confidentiality - ANSWER: Failure to keep privileged medical information private
Can occur when a researcher, by accident or direct action, allows an unauthorized person to gain
access to a study's raw data
Passive data collection - ANSWER: it is using a methodology which takes place without the
"participants" awareness and without them having to do anything towards the research
