Elscores19/08/2024 14:27:30
TestOut Linux Pro Exam Questions and
Correct Answer
Linux shell
~: a program that traditionally provides the text user interface (TUI) for Linux. The term shell is
descriptive, since it is considered an outer layer of the operating system. The shell is the interface
between you, a user or administrator, and the internal parts of the operating system including its
very core which is the kernel. The shell's main function is to read and parse your commands and
then to execute them through interactions with the Linux kernel.
From the Console (The keyboard and monitor attached to a computer running Linux)
~: Press the following key combinations:
Ctrl+Alt+F1 (in some Linux distributions, Alt+F1) will start or switch to the first Linux shell
session.
Ctrl+Alt+F2 through Ctrl+Alt+F6 (in some Linux distributions, Alt+F2 through Alt+F6) will
switch to the second through sixth shell sessions.
While Linux distributions will vary, in most cases when a GUI is installed, it will use the first
console session. Use Ctrl+Alt+F1 to switch to a graphical login screen. If you are already
logged in, Ctrl+Alt+F7 will switch to the desktop GUI.
From a desktop GUI
~: Open a terminal session from the applications menu.
sh
, Elscores19/08/2024 14:27:30
~: The Bourne shell is the oldest Linux shell, but is not widely used. This shell was developed for
UNIX in the 1970s.
bash
~: The Bourne-again shell (Bash) is the default shell used by most Linux distributions. It uses
commands similar to a UNIX shell. The Bash includes:
Command and file name completion when pressing the Tab key
Command history
zsh
~: The Z Shell (zsh) is an improved version of Bash and is available on many Linux distributions.
shh
~: The Bourne shell (sh) is an earlier version of bash, and is similar in many ways. The sh shell
was originally created by Steve Bourne.
ksh
~: The Korn shell (ksh) provides scripting features not found in Bash. Ksh was developed by
David Korn.
csh
~: The C-shell (csh) uses syntax similar to the syntax used in the C programming language.
tcsh
, Elscores19/08/2024 14:27:30
~: The tcsh shell is an improved version of csh. It offers command line editing and completion
features that are not available in csh.
/etc/shells
~: If a shell type is installed, it will be listed in the /etc/shells file. You can switch to any shell by
typing the shell's name. For example, type ksh within any shell to switch to the Korn shell.
echo $SHELL
~: The echo $SHELL command returns the default or preferred shell. The environment $SHELL
holds the user's preferred shell which is typically set in /etc/passwd. For example, if bash is the
user's preferred shell, $SHELL will hold the value, /bin/bash. The preferred shell does not change
when you switch shell types.
echo $0
~: The echo $0 command can be used to return the current shell type. The special variable $0
normally holds the command used to start a script. A shell session is initiated by a script.
Consequently, $0 will hold the name of the script which is consistent with the shell type. For
example, $0 in a console session running bash might hold the value -bash, $0 in a terminal
application opened from a desktop menu might hold the value bash. When you type ksh, the ksh
script is run, a Korn shell session is opened and $0 will hold the value ksh.
all shells share some common characteristics:
~: The shell provides a command line interface that allows the user to interact with the Linux
kernel.
A Linux system can run multiple shell sessions at the same time.
One shell session can run within another shell session. This may be done interactively, such
as when a user starts a second shell from the first shell's command line, or automatically, by
scripts or programs.
TestOut Linux Pro Exam Questions and
Correct Answer
Linux shell
~: a program that traditionally provides the text user interface (TUI) for Linux. The term shell is
descriptive, since it is considered an outer layer of the operating system. The shell is the interface
between you, a user or administrator, and the internal parts of the operating system including its
very core which is the kernel. The shell's main function is to read and parse your commands and
then to execute them through interactions with the Linux kernel.
From the Console (The keyboard and monitor attached to a computer running Linux)
~: Press the following key combinations:
Ctrl+Alt+F1 (in some Linux distributions, Alt+F1) will start or switch to the first Linux shell
session.
Ctrl+Alt+F2 through Ctrl+Alt+F6 (in some Linux distributions, Alt+F2 through Alt+F6) will
switch to the second through sixth shell sessions.
While Linux distributions will vary, in most cases when a GUI is installed, it will use the first
console session. Use Ctrl+Alt+F1 to switch to a graphical login screen. If you are already
logged in, Ctrl+Alt+F7 will switch to the desktop GUI.
From a desktop GUI
~: Open a terminal session from the applications menu.
sh
, Elscores19/08/2024 14:27:30
~: The Bourne shell is the oldest Linux shell, but is not widely used. This shell was developed for
UNIX in the 1970s.
bash
~: The Bourne-again shell (Bash) is the default shell used by most Linux distributions. It uses
commands similar to a UNIX shell. The Bash includes:
Command and file name completion when pressing the Tab key
Command history
zsh
~: The Z Shell (zsh) is an improved version of Bash and is available on many Linux distributions.
shh
~: The Bourne shell (sh) is an earlier version of bash, and is similar in many ways. The sh shell
was originally created by Steve Bourne.
ksh
~: The Korn shell (ksh) provides scripting features not found in Bash. Ksh was developed by
David Korn.
csh
~: The C-shell (csh) uses syntax similar to the syntax used in the C programming language.
tcsh
, Elscores19/08/2024 14:27:30
~: The tcsh shell is an improved version of csh. It offers command line editing and completion
features that are not available in csh.
/etc/shells
~: If a shell type is installed, it will be listed in the /etc/shells file. You can switch to any shell by
typing the shell's name. For example, type ksh within any shell to switch to the Korn shell.
echo $SHELL
~: The echo $SHELL command returns the default or preferred shell. The environment $SHELL
holds the user's preferred shell which is typically set in /etc/passwd. For example, if bash is the
user's preferred shell, $SHELL will hold the value, /bin/bash. The preferred shell does not change
when you switch shell types.
echo $0
~: The echo $0 command can be used to return the current shell type. The special variable $0
normally holds the command used to start a script. A shell session is initiated by a script.
Consequently, $0 will hold the name of the script which is consistent with the shell type. For
example, $0 in a console session running bash might hold the value -bash, $0 in a terminal
application opened from a desktop menu might hold the value bash. When you type ksh, the ksh
script is run, a Korn shell session is opened and $0 will hold the value ksh.
all shells share some common characteristics:
~: The shell provides a command line interface that allows the user to interact with the Linux
kernel.
A Linux system can run multiple shell sessions at the same time.
One shell session can run within another shell session. This may be done interactively, such
as when a user starts a second shell from the first shell's command line, or automatically, by
scripts or programs.
