Latest NCLEX REVIEW
(HESI/SAUNDERS) MED-SURG
2024/2025 Questions and Answers
*Acromegaly* results from *excess secretion of growth hormone*, usually caused by -
correct answers--a benign tumor on the anterior pituitary gland.
Treatment is surgical removal of the tumor, usually with a *sublingual transsphenoidal
complete or partial hypophysectomy*.
The sublingual transsphenoidal approach is often through an incision in the inner upper
lip at the gum line.
Transsphenoidal surgery is a type of brain surgery and infection is a primary concern.
Leukocytosis, or an elevated white count, may indicate infection.
Diabetes insipidus is a possible complication of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.
In diabetes insipidus there is decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone and clients
excrete large amounts of dilute urine.
Following transsphenoidal surgery, the nasal passages are packed and a dripper pad is
secured under the nares.
Clear drainage on the dripper pad is suggestive of a cerebrospinal fluid leak.
The surgeon should be notified and the drainage should be tested for glucose.
A cerebrospinal fluid leak increases the postoperative risk of meningitis.
Anxiety is a nonspecific finding that is common to many disorders.
*Hypocalcemia* develops in CKD because of - correct answers--chronic
hyperphosphatemia,
*Trigeminal neuralgia* is characterized by - correct answers--paroxysms of pain, similar
to an electric shock, in the area innervated by one or more branches of the trigeminal
nerve (cranial V).
A _________is a surgical procedure that will allow fluid to drain from the middle ear and
may be necessary to treat acute otitis media. Strict bed rest is not necessary, although
, activity may be restricted. Additionally, bed rest would not assist in reducing pressure or
allowing fluid to drain. In some recurrent and persistent cases, the mastoid bone is
removed or partially removed for chronic otitis media. Benadryl is an antihistamine with
antiemetic properties. - correct answers--myringotomy
A client diagnosed with angina pectoris complains of chest pain while ambulating in the
hallway. Which action should the nurse implement first? - correct answers--Support the
client to a sitting position.
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of severe acute diverticulitis. Which
nursing intervention has the highest priority? - correct answers--Place the client on NPO
status
A client is diagnosed with a disorder involving the inner ear. Which is the most common
client complaint associated with a disorder involving this part of the ear? - correct
answers--Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the most common complaint of clients with otological disorders, especially
disorders involving the inner ear. Symptoms of tinnitus range from mild ringing in the
ear, which can go unnoticed during the day, to a loud roaring in the ear, which can
interfere with the client's thinking process and attention span.
A client is placed on a mechanical ventilator following a cerebral hemorrhage, and
vecuronium bromide, 0.04 mg/kg every 12 hours IV, is prescribed. What is the priority
nursing diagnosis for this client? - correct answers--Impaired communication related to
paralysis of skeletal muscles
A client with *hiatal hernia* chronically experiences heartburn following meals. The
nurse should plan to teach the client to avoid which action because it is contraindicated
with a hiatal hernia? - correct answers--Lying recumbent following meals
A client with a diagnosis of *Addisonian* crisis is being admitted to the intensive care
unit. Which findings will the interprofessional health care team focus on? Select all that
apply. - correct answers--Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
associated with end-stage renal disease caused by diabetic nephropathy. - correct
answers--Hyperkalemia, is
B12 rich - correct answers--nuts,
organ meats,
dried beans,
citrus fruits,
green leafy vegetables, and
(HESI/SAUNDERS) MED-SURG
2024/2025 Questions and Answers
*Acromegaly* results from *excess secretion of growth hormone*, usually caused by -
correct answers--a benign tumor on the anterior pituitary gland.
Treatment is surgical removal of the tumor, usually with a *sublingual transsphenoidal
complete or partial hypophysectomy*.
The sublingual transsphenoidal approach is often through an incision in the inner upper
lip at the gum line.
Transsphenoidal surgery is a type of brain surgery and infection is a primary concern.
Leukocytosis, or an elevated white count, may indicate infection.
Diabetes insipidus is a possible complication of transsphenoidal hypophysectomy.
In diabetes insipidus there is decreased secretion of antidiuretic hormone and clients
excrete large amounts of dilute urine.
Following transsphenoidal surgery, the nasal passages are packed and a dripper pad is
secured under the nares.
Clear drainage on the dripper pad is suggestive of a cerebrospinal fluid leak.
The surgeon should be notified and the drainage should be tested for glucose.
A cerebrospinal fluid leak increases the postoperative risk of meningitis.
Anxiety is a nonspecific finding that is common to many disorders.
*Hypocalcemia* develops in CKD because of - correct answers--chronic
hyperphosphatemia,
*Trigeminal neuralgia* is characterized by - correct answers--paroxysms of pain, similar
to an electric shock, in the area innervated by one or more branches of the trigeminal
nerve (cranial V).
A _________is a surgical procedure that will allow fluid to drain from the middle ear and
may be necessary to treat acute otitis media. Strict bed rest is not necessary, although
, activity may be restricted. Additionally, bed rest would not assist in reducing pressure or
allowing fluid to drain. In some recurrent and persistent cases, the mastoid bone is
removed or partially removed for chronic otitis media. Benadryl is an antihistamine with
antiemetic properties. - correct answers--myringotomy
A client diagnosed with angina pectoris complains of chest pain while ambulating in the
hallway. Which action should the nurse implement first? - correct answers--Support the
client to a sitting position.
A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of severe acute diverticulitis. Which
nursing intervention has the highest priority? - correct answers--Place the client on NPO
status
A client is diagnosed with a disorder involving the inner ear. Which is the most common
client complaint associated with a disorder involving this part of the ear? - correct
answers--Tinnitus
Tinnitus is the most common complaint of clients with otological disorders, especially
disorders involving the inner ear. Symptoms of tinnitus range from mild ringing in the
ear, which can go unnoticed during the day, to a loud roaring in the ear, which can
interfere with the client's thinking process and attention span.
A client is placed on a mechanical ventilator following a cerebral hemorrhage, and
vecuronium bromide, 0.04 mg/kg every 12 hours IV, is prescribed. What is the priority
nursing diagnosis for this client? - correct answers--Impaired communication related to
paralysis of skeletal muscles
A client with *hiatal hernia* chronically experiences heartburn following meals. The
nurse should plan to teach the client to avoid which action because it is contraindicated
with a hiatal hernia? - correct answers--Lying recumbent following meals
A client with a diagnosis of *Addisonian* crisis is being admitted to the intensive care
unit. Which findings will the interprofessional health care team focus on? Select all that
apply. - correct answers--Hypotension
Hyperkalemia
associated with end-stage renal disease caused by diabetic nephropathy. - correct
answers--Hyperkalemia, is
B12 rich - correct answers--nuts,
organ meats,
dried beans,
citrus fruits,
green leafy vegetables, and
