CH 1 CULTURAL APPROACH TO
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
What is culture? - ANSWER Age, disability, religion, ethnicity, socio-economic status, sexual orientation,
indigenous background, national origin, gender
A DRESSING
Human development - ANSWER Way people grow and change across life span;
Incl. biological, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning
Culture - ANSWER Total pattern of a group's customs, beliefs, arts and technologies
Globalization - ANSWER Increasing connections between different parts of the world in trade, travel,
migration, and communication
Total fertility rate - ANSWER TFR, In a population, the number of births per woman
Developed countries - ANSWER World's most economically developed and affluent countries, with the
highest median levels of income and education
Developing countries - ANSWER Countries that have lower levels of income and education than
developed countries but are experiencing rapid economic growth
Individualistic - ANSWER Cultural values such as independence and self-expression
Collectivistic - ANSWER Cultural values such as obedience and group harmony
Traditional culture - ANSWER In developing countries, a rural culture that adheres more closely to
cultural traditions than people in urban areas do
Caste system - ANSWER In Hindu culture of India, an inherited social hierarchy, determined by birth
Majority culture - ANSWER Within a country, the cultural group that sets most of the norms and
standards and holds most of the positions of political, economic, intellectual, and media power
Contexts - ANSWER Settings and circumstances that contribute to variations in pathways of human
development, incl. SES, gender, and ethnicity, as well as family, school, community, media, and culture
Socioeconomic status - ANSWER SES, Person's social class, incl. educational level, income level, and
occupational status
Ethnicity - ANSWER Group identity that may include culture origin, cultural traditions, race, religion, and
language
Ontogenetic development - ANSWER Development of individuals
, Prenatal & adult/over-time development
Phylogenetic development - ANSWER Development of the human species
Evolution
Natural selection - ANSWER Evolutionary process in which the offspring best adapted to their
environment survive to produce offspring of their own
Hominid - ANSWER Evolutionary line that led to modern humans
Hunter-gatherer - ANSWER Social and economic system in which economic life is based on hunting and
gathering edible plants
Homo sapiens - ANSWER Species of modern humans
Upper Paleolithic period - ANSWER Period of human history from 40,000 to 10,000 years ago, when
distinct human cultures first developed
Neolithic period - ANSWER Era of human history from 10,000 to 5,000 years ago, when animals and
plants were first domesticated
Civilization - ANSWER Form of human social life, beginning ~ 5,000 years ago, that includes cities, writing,
occupational specialization, and states
Impact on human species - ANSWER Bipedalism
Brain size
State - ANSWER Centralized political system that is an essential feature of a civilization
Shaman - ANSWER Religious leader believed to have special powers and special knowledge of the spirit
world
Evolutionary psychology - ANSWER Branch of psychology that examines how patterns of human
functioning and behavior have resulted from adaptations to evolutionary conditions
Ancient: Hindu (Dharmashastras) - ANSWER Apprentice (0-25): Depends on parents and learns adult
skills
Householder (26-50): Marriage and own family responsibilities
Forest Dweller (51-75): Grandchildren born and withdrawal from society
Renunciant (75-100): Further withdrawal and preparing for the end of life
Ancient: Greek (Solon) - ANSWER 0-7: Being unripe
7-14: Approaching manhood
14-21: Limbs are growing, chin touched with beard
21-28: Ripens to greatest completeness physically
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS WITH SOLUTIONS 2024
What is culture? - ANSWER Age, disability, religion, ethnicity, socio-economic status, sexual orientation,
indigenous background, national origin, gender
A DRESSING
Human development - ANSWER Way people grow and change across life span;
Incl. biological, cognitive, psychological, and social functioning
Culture - ANSWER Total pattern of a group's customs, beliefs, arts and technologies
Globalization - ANSWER Increasing connections between different parts of the world in trade, travel,
migration, and communication
Total fertility rate - ANSWER TFR, In a population, the number of births per woman
Developed countries - ANSWER World's most economically developed and affluent countries, with the
highest median levels of income and education
Developing countries - ANSWER Countries that have lower levels of income and education than
developed countries but are experiencing rapid economic growth
Individualistic - ANSWER Cultural values such as independence and self-expression
Collectivistic - ANSWER Cultural values such as obedience and group harmony
Traditional culture - ANSWER In developing countries, a rural culture that adheres more closely to
cultural traditions than people in urban areas do
Caste system - ANSWER In Hindu culture of India, an inherited social hierarchy, determined by birth
Majority culture - ANSWER Within a country, the cultural group that sets most of the norms and
standards and holds most of the positions of political, economic, intellectual, and media power
Contexts - ANSWER Settings and circumstances that contribute to variations in pathways of human
development, incl. SES, gender, and ethnicity, as well as family, school, community, media, and culture
Socioeconomic status - ANSWER SES, Person's social class, incl. educational level, income level, and
occupational status
Ethnicity - ANSWER Group identity that may include culture origin, cultural traditions, race, religion, and
language
Ontogenetic development - ANSWER Development of individuals
, Prenatal & adult/over-time development
Phylogenetic development - ANSWER Development of the human species
Evolution
Natural selection - ANSWER Evolutionary process in which the offspring best adapted to their
environment survive to produce offspring of their own
Hominid - ANSWER Evolutionary line that led to modern humans
Hunter-gatherer - ANSWER Social and economic system in which economic life is based on hunting and
gathering edible plants
Homo sapiens - ANSWER Species of modern humans
Upper Paleolithic period - ANSWER Period of human history from 40,000 to 10,000 years ago, when
distinct human cultures first developed
Neolithic period - ANSWER Era of human history from 10,000 to 5,000 years ago, when animals and
plants were first domesticated
Civilization - ANSWER Form of human social life, beginning ~ 5,000 years ago, that includes cities, writing,
occupational specialization, and states
Impact on human species - ANSWER Bipedalism
Brain size
State - ANSWER Centralized political system that is an essential feature of a civilization
Shaman - ANSWER Religious leader believed to have special powers and special knowledge of the spirit
world
Evolutionary psychology - ANSWER Branch of psychology that examines how patterns of human
functioning and behavior have resulted from adaptations to evolutionary conditions
Ancient: Hindu (Dharmashastras) - ANSWER Apprentice (0-25): Depends on parents and learns adult
skills
Householder (26-50): Marriage and own family responsibilities
Forest Dweller (51-75): Grandchildren born and withdrawal from society
Renunciant (75-100): Further withdrawal and preparing for the end of life
Ancient: Greek (Solon) - ANSWER 0-7: Being unripe
7-14: Approaching manhood
14-21: Limbs are growing, chin touched with beard
21-28: Ripens to greatest completeness physically
