Foundations Week 1 Material
<50 amino acids = _____________
>50 amino acids = ____________ - ANSWER-1. oligopeptides
2. proteins
1. FAM20B (Family with sequence similarity 20-member B)
A. is linked with a xylose transferase to chondrocyte maturation in zebrafish mutants.
B. is hypothesized to participate in posttranslational modification of chondroitin and heparan sulfate
proteoglycans.
C. was reported to phosphorylate a serine residue in the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region.
D. a and b
E. a, b and c - ANSWER-D
1. Inactivation of the DMP4/Fam20C gene
A. is associated with lethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia (hardening) in humans.
B. produced rickets (hypomineralization, softer bone) in conditional knockout (cKO) mice.
C. lead to craniofacial and skeletal defects.
D. reduced serum phosphate levels and elevated serum FGF23 levels.
E. All of the above - ANSWER-E
2. FAM20C (Family with sequence similarity 20-member C)
A. phosphorylates extracellular domains of signaling proteins (cadherins) similar to the Drosophila four-
jointed kinase.
B. is a secreted kinase that phosphorylates a broad family of extracellular proteins which bind calcium
and regulate biomineralization.
C. is an atypical protein kinase localized in the Golgi.
D. b and c
E. a, b and c - ANSWER-D
3 facts about Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I: - ANSWER-1. Urea cycle
2. in the mitochondrial maxtrix
3. Uses free NH4+ (toxic)
,Foundations Week 1 Material
3 facts about Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II: - ANSWER-1. pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
2. in the cytoplasm
3. Uses glutamane as non-toxic NH4+
3. The model organism C. elegans, a nematode,
A. expresses three evolutionarily conserved family members- FAM20A, FAM20B and FAM20C.
B. encodes a protein functionally similar to the G-CK regulating biomineralization.
C. provided a FAM20C ortholog that yielded well-diffracting protein crystals.
D. b and c
E. a, b and c - ANSWER-D
A complex of enzyme, suicide inhibitor and methylene tetrahydrofolate adduct results from __________
inhibition of ____________________.
A. competitive, thymidylate synthase
B. competitive, dihydrofolate reductase
C. irreversible, thymidylate synthase
D. irreversible, dihydrofolate reductase
E. methotrexate, dihydrofolate reductase - ANSWER-C.
A covalent complex of enzyme, fluorodeoxyuridylate and methylene tetrahydrofolate adduct results
from __________ inhibition of ____________________.
A. competitive, thymidylate synthase
B. competitive, dihydrofolate reductase
C. suicide, thymidylate synthase
D. suicide, dihydrofolate reductase
E. methotrexate, dihydrofolate reductase - ANSWER-C
A eucaryotic gene activator protein can affect initiation of transcription by recruiting
a) a complex of proteins that remodels chromatin
b) an acetylase for covalent modification of histone
c) attracting RNA polymerase, general transcription factors and Mediator
, Foundations Week 1 Material
d) a or b
e) a, b or c - ANSWER-E
A mutation which causes a frame shift that produces a premature stop codon in the middle of the mRNA
is an example of which type of mutation?
A. Wild type
B. loss of function
C. gain of function
D. conditional
E. medelian - ANSWER-B
A recessive allele is a mutant gene that usually reduces or eliminates the activity of the gene. The
normal gene can usually make enough of the product in the heterozygote, but the homozygote has none
of the gene so it shows the mutation. These are typically loss of function alleles (Just a fact, type Y) -
ANSWER-Y
A subset of patients are at greater risk of periodontitis, showing signs of predisposition and quickly
falling into recurrence after treatment,
a) because of epigenetic modifications possibly established in response to environmental stimuli.
b) that in mouse models can be treated with epigenetic drugs.
c) due to covalent modification of DNA (methylation) at promoters.
d) due to trimethylation of lysine sidechain epsilon amino groups on histone tails.
e) all of the above - ANSWER-E
Although Friedrich Miescher first reported the extraction and identification of "nuclein" or nucleic acid
in Basel Switzerland in 1871, the scientific community was not convinced that DNA was the hereditary
component until the experiments of
a) the UK pathologist Fred Griffith over half a century later in 1928 with pathogenic and non-pathogenic
strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
b) Avery, MacLeod and McCarty in the US eventually published in 1944 that reported their fractionation
findings to prove the identity.
c) Hershey and Chase, who published their finding in 1952 from double-labeled bacteriophage infection
of bacteria.
<50 amino acids = _____________
>50 amino acids = ____________ - ANSWER-1. oligopeptides
2. proteins
1. FAM20B (Family with sequence similarity 20-member B)
A. is linked with a xylose transferase to chondrocyte maturation in zebrafish mutants.
B. is hypothesized to participate in posttranslational modification of chondroitin and heparan sulfate
proteoglycans.
C. was reported to phosphorylate a serine residue in the glycosaminoglycan-protein linkage region.
D. a and b
E. a, b and c - ANSWER-D
1. Inactivation of the DMP4/Fam20C gene
A. is associated with lethal osteosclerotic bone dysplasia (hardening) in humans.
B. produced rickets (hypomineralization, softer bone) in conditional knockout (cKO) mice.
C. lead to craniofacial and skeletal defects.
D. reduced serum phosphate levels and elevated serum FGF23 levels.
E. All of the above - ANSWER-E
2. FAM20C (Family with sequence similarity 20-member C)
A. phosphorylates extracellular domains of signaling proteins (cadherins) similar to the Drosophila four-
jointed kinase.
B. is a secreted kinase that phosphorylates a broad family of extracellular proteins which bind calcium
and regulate biomineralization.
C. is an atypical protein kinase localized in the Golgi.
D. b and c
E. a, b and c - ANSWER-D
3 facts about Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I: - ANSWER-1. Urea cycle
2. in the mitochondrial maxtrix
3. Uses free NH4+ (toxic)
,Foundations Week 1 Material
3 facts about Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase II: - ANSWER-1. pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis
2. in the cytoplasm
3. Uses glutamane as non-toxic NH4+
3. The model organism C. elegans, a nematode,
A. expresses three evolutionarily conserved family members- FAM20A, FAM20B and FAM20C.
B. encodes a protein functionally similar to the G-CK regulating biomineralization.
C. provided a FAM20C ortholog that yielded well-diffracting protein crystals.
D. b and c
E. a, b and c - ANSWER-D
A complex of enzyme, suicide inhibitor and methylene tetrahydrofolate adduct results from __________
inhibition of ____________________.
A. competitive, thymidylate synthase
B. competitive, dihydrofolate reductase
C. irreversible, thymidylate synthase
D. irreversible, dihydrofolate reductase
E. methotrexate, dihydrofolate reductase - ANSWER-C.
A covalent complex of enzyme, fluorodeoxyuridylate and methylene tetrahydrofolate adduct results
from __________ inhibition of ____________________.
A. competitive, thymidylate synthase
B. competitive, dihydrofolate reductase
C. suicide, thymidylate synthase
D. suicide, dihydrofolate reductase
E. methotrexate, dihydrofolate reductase - ANSWER-C
A eucaryotic gene activator protein can affect initiation of transcription by recruiting
a) a complex of proteins that remodels chromatin
b) an acetylase for covalent modification of histone
c) attracting RNA polymerase, general transcription factors and Mediator
, Foundations Week 1 Material
d) a or b
e) a, b or c - ANSWER-E
A mutation which causes a frame shift that produces a premature stop codon in the middle of the mRNA
is an example of which type of mutation?
A. Wild type
B. loss of function
C. gain of function
D. conditional
E. medelian - ANSWER-B
A recessive allele is a mutant gene that usually reduces or eliminates the activity of the gene. The
normal gene can usually make enough of the product in the heterozygote, but the homozygote has none
of the gene so it shows the mutation. These are typically loss of function alleles (Just a fact, type Y) -
ANSWER-Y
A subset of patients are at greater risk of periodontitis, showing signs of predisposition and quickly
falling into recurrence after treatment,
a) because of epigenetic modifications possibly established in response to environmental stimuli.
b) that in mouse models can be treated with epigenetic drugs.
c) due to covalent modification of DNA (methylation) at promoters.
d) due to trimethylation of lysine sidechain epsilon amino groups on histone tails.
e) all of the above - ANSWER-E
Although Friedrich Miescher first reported the extraction and identification of "nuclein" or nucleic acid
in Basel Switzerland in 1871, the scientific community was not convinced that DNA was the hereditary
component until the experiments of
a) the UK pathologist Fred Griffith over half a century later in 1928 with pathogenic and non-pathogenic
strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.
b) Avery, MacLeod and McCarty in the US eventually published in 1944 that reported their fractionation
findings to prove the identity.
c) Hershey and Chase, who published their finding in 1952 from double-labeled bacteriophage infection
of bacteria.
