final exam bio 1314 questions with correct answers.

final exam bio 1314 questions with
correct answers

inductive method - ANSWER: ➡ a process of making numerous observations until one feels
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wconfident in drawing generalizations and predictions from them.
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Ex. The coin I pulled from the bag is a penny. That coin is a penny. A third coin from the bag is a penny.
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Therefore, all the coins in the bag are pennies.
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Scientific Method - ANSWER: ➡ refers less to observational procedures than to certain habits of
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disciplined creativity, careful observation, logical thinking, and honest analysis of one's observations
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and conclusions.
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Ex. why the toaster wouldn't toast.
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Homeostasis - ANSWER: ➡ the ability to maintain internal stability spite greater changes in its
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external environment.
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negative feedback - ANSWER: ➡ a process in which the body senses a change and activates
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mechanisms that negate or reverse it.
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Ex. Evaporation of sweat from the skin has a strong cooling effect.
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positive feedback - ANSWER: ➡ self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to even
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greater change in the same direction.
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Ex. childbirth
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primary structure - ANSWER: ➡ the protein's sequence of amino acids joined by peptide bonds,
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which is encoded in the genes.
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secondary structure - ANSWER: ➡ coiled or folded shape held together by hydrogen bonds between
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the slightly negative -C=O group of another one some distance away. common secondary structures
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are a springlike shape called alpha helix and a pleated, ribbonlike shape, beta sheet.
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, tertiary structure of protein - ANSWER: ➡ formed by the further bending and folding of proteins into
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various globular and fibrous shapes. it results from hydrophobic radicals associating with each other
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and avoiding water while hydrophilic radicals are attracted to the surrounding water.
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quarternary structure - ANSWER: ➡ the association of 2 or more polypeptide chains by non covalent
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forces such as ionic bonds and hydrophilic-hydrophobic interactions.
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Carbohydrates function - ANSWER: ➡ Ex: sugar w w w ww w w




Function: main source of energy. w w w w




monomers: monosaccharides, disaccharides, w w




Lipids - ANSWER: ➡ Ex: butter, waxes and steroids
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function: long term energy storage
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monomers: Glycerol and fatty acids w w w w




Proteins - ANSWER: ➡ Ex: meat, poultry and beans
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functions: build, maintain and repair tissue in body
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monomers: Amino acid w w




nucleic acids function - ANSWER: ➡ Ex: deoxyribonucleic acid (better known as DNA) and
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ribonucleic acid (better known as RNA).
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function: store and transmit genetic information
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monomers: nucleotides w




Enzymes - ANSWER: ➡ proteins that function as biological catalysts. they enable biochemical
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reactions to occur rapidly at normal body temperature.
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Effect of pH on enzyme activity - ANSWER: ➡ All enzymes work best at optimal pH. above and below
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the optimal pH the rate of reaction decreases. Extreme pH changes can denature the enzyme.
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