NU403 Final Exam With Complete
Solution
What is the purpose of nursing research - Answer A scientific process that validates and
refines existing knowledge and generates NEW knowledge that can either directly or
indirectly influence nursing practice and guide best care practices.
What are ethics considerations and parameters for providing consent to children -
Answer Parents of children under 18 must provide consent and children between the
ages of 7-18 must be provided assent. A child over the age of 7 needs to be explained a
basic understanding of what is happening/what will be done to them
How do we maintain uniformity in a quantitative research study - Answer Extraneous
variables are not fixed ! Maintaining uniformity can also refer to the control aspect of the
study (what is staying the same)
What is the purpose of a research design? - Answer This determines if the study will be
qualitative or quantitative. It is a set of advanced decisions to analyze needed
information.
What are three requirements for a quantitative design - Answer 1.)Randomization
2.)Control
3.)Manipulation
What is a control group within an experiment - Answer This is a group that is not
receiving the treatment or new intervention but rather a placebo or their treatment
remains unchanged.
Describe Level 1 evidence - Answer Systematic review/Meta analysis
Describe level 2 evidence - Answer Randomization control. Experimental, GOLD
STANDARD OF RESEARCH
What is level 3 evidence - Answer Quasi experimental study. NO RANDOMIZATION.
What is level 4 evidence - Answer Nonexperimental studies. This could be observational
where there is no real experiment occuring.
What is level 5 evidence - Answer Meta synthesis. TEXTBOOK THIS IS JUST A
SUMMARY
What is level 6 evidence - Answer Qualitative studies
What is level 7 evidence - Answer Expert opinions. No research of statistical review
What is a directional hypothesis - Answer This is a one sided hypothesis interested in
, only ONE DIRECTION of change to determine relationship between variables.
What is a null hypothesis - Answer States that there is absolutely NO relationship
between the independent and dependent variables (think divorced couples with no kids)
What is a power analysis - Answer This refers to the estimated SMALLEST number of
people to be included in a sample size for a quantitative research
What are the three types of non experimental designs - Answer Longitudinal, cohort,
and retrospective
Describe/define a cross sectional study - Answer Examines data from ONE POINT in
time
Describe a longitudinal study - Answer This is data collected from the same people at
different points in time. Follows subjects over a period of time.
Describe a retrospective study - Answer This is an experiment performed at a point in
time and. measures the participants exposure to the independent variable. This
attempts to link past events with present.
Which experimental design is best to use - Answer Use your knowledge of the three
above when she gives a scenario.
Are qualitative studies probable or not? - Answer Qualitative studies are non probable
What are we looking for in terms of tools for reliability - Answer The extent to which the
instrument yields the same consistent results after repeated measures. This is
measuring the consistency after repeating the test, using two different tests, or
gathering the opinion of multiple experts or researchers.
What are some threats to internal validity - Answer History, selection bias, maturation,
testing, mortality, instrumentation
What are alpha levels ? - Answer Levels of significance
What do we consider an appropriate level of significance - Answer 0.05 is the MINIMUM
level of significance
What is nominal data - Answer This is dichotomous, qualitative in nature, and data that
can be placed in categories. nominal (YES/NO). Categories for groups with no inherent
ranking.
What is ordinal data - Answer Data that can be placed in a sequence. Frequencies,
medians, percentiles
What is interval ratio - Answer Data with numbers that are separated into equal
intervals. (Grade level, temperature, age)
What is ratio data - Answer Data with numbers that are separated into equal ratios. True
Solution
What is the purpose of nursing research - Answer A scientific process that validates and
refines existing knowledge and generates NEW knowledge that can either directly or
indirectly influence nursing practice and guide best care practices.
What are ethics considerations and parameters for providing consent to children -
Answer Parents of children under 18 must provide consent and children between the
ages of 7-18 must be provided assent. A child over the age of 7 needs to be explained a
basic understanding of what is happening/what will be done to them
How do we maintain uniformity in a quantitative research study - Answer Extraneous
variables are not fixed ! Maintaining uniformity can also refer to the control aspect of the
study (what is staying the same)
What is the purpose of a research design? - Answer This determines if the study will be
qualitative or quantitative. It is a set of advanced decisions to analyze needed
information.
What are three requirements for a quantitative design - Answer 1.)Randomization
2.)Control
3.)Manipulation
What is a control group within an experiment - Answer This is a group that is not
receiving the treatment or new intervention but rather a placebo or their treatment
remains unchanged.
Describe Level 1 evidence - Answer Systematic review/Meta analysis
Describe level 2 evidence - Answer Randomization control. Experimental, GOLD
STANDARD OF RESEARCH
What is level 3 evidence - Answer Quasi experimental study. NO RANDOMIZATION.
What is level 4 evidence - Answer Nonexperimental studies. This could be observational
where there is no real experiment occuring.
What is level 5 evidence - Answer Meta synthesis. TEXTBOOK THIS IS JUST A
SUMMARY
What is level 6 evidence - Answer Qualitative studies
What is level 7 evidence - Answer Expert opinions. No research of statistical review
What is a directional hypothesis - Answer This is a one sided hypothesis interested in
, only ONE DIRECTION of change to determine relationship between variables.
What is a null hypothesis - Answer States that there is absolutely NO relationship
between the independent and dependent variables (think divorced couples with no kids)
What is a power analysis - Answer This refers to the estimated SMALLEST number of
people to be included in a sample size for a quantitative research
What are the three types of non experimental designs - Answer Longitudinal, cohort,
and retrospective
Describe/define a cross sectional study - Answer Examines data from ONE POINT in
time
Describe a longitudinal study - Answer This is data collected from the same people at
different points in time. Follows subjects over a period of time.
Describe a retrospective study - Answer This is an experiment performed at a point in
time and. measures the participants exposure to the independent variable. This
attempts to link past events with present.
Which experimental design is best to use - Answer Use your knowledge of the three
above when she gives a scenario.
Are qualitative studies probable or not? - Answer Qualitative studies are non probable
What are we looking for in terms of tools for reliability - Answer The extent to which the
instrument yields the same consistent results after repeated measures. This is
measuring the consistency after repeating the test, using two different tests, or
gathering the opinion of multiple experts or researchers.
What are some threats to internal validity - Answer History, selection bias, maturation,
testing, mortality, instrumentation
What are alpha levels ? - Answer Levels of significance
What do we consider an appropriate level of significance - Answer 0.05 is the MINIMUM
level of significance
What is nominal data - Answer This is dichotomous, qualitative in nature, and data that
can be placed in categories. nominal (YES/NO). Categories for groups with no inherent
ranking.
What is ordinal data - Answer Data that can be placed in a sequence. Frequencies,
medians, percentiles
What is interval ratio - Answer Data with numbers that are separated into equal
intervals. (Grade level, temperature, age)
What is ratio data - Answer Data with numbers that are separated into equal ratios. True
