Test 1 Primary Care
____ will affect the ability to see 20/20
a. Strabismus
b. Macular holes
C. Macular pathologies - ANSWER-All of the above
1 minute of arc - ANSWER-1/60 of a degree
1 month old - ANSWER--Central, steady, maintained fixations
-Follow slow target
-Converge
-Prefer looking at a face
-VA: 20/800 to 20/200 (6/240 to 6/60)
1 year old - ANSWER-Axial length: 20-21 mm
2 month old - ANSWER-VA: 20/150 (6/45)
2 years old - ANSWER-Able to picture match
20/20 or 6/6 - ANSWER--Angle of 5' of arc when viewed 20 ft or 6m away
20/20 vision decreases by 50% due to - ANSWER--Cataracts
-Glaucoma
-Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)
3 types of cones photopigments - ANSWER-Sensitive por specific wavelengths
-S-cones: short-wavelength; blue
-M-cones: middle-wavelength; green
-L-cones: long-wavelength; red
3 types of fibers in ciliary muscle - ANSWER--Longitudinal
-Radial
-Circular
3 years old - ANSWER-Able to single letter match
3-month-old - ANSWER--Binocular vision
-Eye coordination
-Follow morning light or face & offer responsive smile
,Test 1 Primary Care
4 month old - ANSWER-20/60 (6/18)
5 years old - ANSWER-Able to match or name Snellen chart optotypes
6-month-old - ANSWER--Reach accurately for toys
-VA: 20/20 (6/6)
9-month-old - ANSWER-Ability to look for hidden toys
A (-) concave lens will create... - ANSWER--more convergence
-require more accommodation
A (+) convex lens will create... - ANSWER--more divergence
-require less accommodation
A pt with -1.00 D of myopia will see approx.
a. 20/200
b. 20/40
c. 20/20 - ANSWER-b. 20/40
Accommodated lens - ANSWER--Contracted ciliary muscle
-Zonules relaxed
-Fibers slack
-Close focus
-Crystalline lens becomes rounder
Accommodation - ANSWER--Change in dioptric power of lens to maintain an in-focus retinal image of an
object in the fovea
-Based on position of far point & near point
-Specified in range & amplitude
Accommodation is lost at (old/young) age. Manifests at (old/young) age. - ANSWER-Accommodation is
lost at young age. Manifests at old age.
Accommodative convergence - ANSWER--Associated with accommodation
-Measured using near targets & minus lenses
Adolescence-adulthood axial length - ANSWER-23-25 mm
Advantages of Snellen VA - ANSWER--26 letters to chose
-Reduce guessing chance
,Test 1 Primary Care
-Letters are familiar
-Visual examination expects to read
After birth a newborn... - ANSWER--Can fix & follow a light source, face or large/colorful toy
-Axial length: 16-17 mm
Alertness & orientation - ANSWER--Person
-Place
-Time
-Reason/circumstances
-Aspect (sad, severely depressed?)
Especially in geriatric population
Allergies - ANSWER--Food/dye
-Environmental
-Medication
Include: kind of reaction, relief/preventive measures
Report: NKDA (no known drug allergies)
Amblyopic patient - ANSWER--Do not present whole chart; isolating letters or single line (specify method
used)
-Crowding effect
Ametropia - ANSWER-Refractive error
Amplitude of accommodation (AoA) - ANSWER--Dioptric value of NPA minus FPA
AoA = NPA - FPA
Amplitude of convergence - ANSWER-Equals the reciprocals (m) of the NPC multiplied by the pt
interpupillary distance (ipd in cm)
Amplitude of convergence = 1/(NPC x IPD)
Angular size of foveola - ANSWER-54 minutes of arc
, Test 1 Primary Care
Anisocoria - ANSWER-Different pupil sizes
Anophtalmia - ANSWER--Globe absence due to failure of formation of optic vessels
-Associated with absence of EOMs, short conjunctival sac & microblepharon
Anterior bundle - ANSWER--Strongest & thickest
-Unaccommodated position (flat)
As relative luminance increases, relative visual acuity ____. - ANSWER-Increases
10-100 increase in luminance causes little change in VA, but reducing it causes VA loss
Associated factors - ANSWER-What other symptoms do you experience? Do you relate the problem to
some associated factors?
Ex: stress, changes in blood glucose
Astigmatism - ANSWER--Most common
-Correction: toric lens
-Can be simple or compound
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance Conditions - ANSWER--Congenital Ptosis
-Corneal Dystrophies
-Aniridia
-Congenital Cataracts
-Marfan's Syndrome
-Neurofibromatosis
-Vitreoretinal dystrophy
-Best's Disease
-Cone or cone-rod degeneration/dystrophy
-Retinoblastoma
-Optic Nerve Atrophy
-Inherited blue-yellow defect color deficiencies
-Choroidal dystrophies
-Oculocutaneous Albinism
____ will affect the ability to see 20/20
a. Strabismus
b. Macular holes
C. Macular pathologies - ANSWER-All of the above
1 minute of arc - ANSWER-1/60 of a degree
1 month old - ANSWER--Central, steady, maintained fixations
-Follow slow target
-Converge
-Prefer looking at a face
-VA: 20/800 to 20/200 (6/240 to 6/60)
1 year old - ANSWER-Axial length: 20-21 mm
2 month old - ANSWER-VA: 20/150 (6/45)
2 years old - ANSWER-Able to picture match
20/20 or 6/6 - ANSWER--Angle of 5' of arc when viewed 20 ft or 6m away
20/20 vision decreases by 50% due to - ANSWER--Cataracts
-Glaucoma
-Age-related macular degeneration (ARMD)
3 types of cones photopigments - ANSWER-Sensitive por specific wavelengths
-S-cones: short-wavelength; blue
-M-cones: middle-wavelength; green
-L-cones: long-wavelength; red
3 types of fibers in ciliary muscle - ANSWER--Longitudinal
-Radial
-Circular
3 years old - ANSWER-Able to single letter match
3-month-old - ANSWER--Binocular vision
-Eye coordination
-Follow morning light or face & offer responsive smile
,Test 1 Primary Care
4 month old - ANSWER-20/60 (6/18)
5 years old - ANSWER-Able to match or name Snellen chart optotypes
6-month-old - ANSWER--Reach accurately for toys
-VA: 20/20 (6/6)
9-month-old - ANSWER-Ability to look for hidden toys
A (-) concave lens will create... - ANSWER--more convergence
-require more accommodation
A (+) convex lens will create... - ANSWER--more divergence
-require less accommodation
A pt with -1.00 D of myopia will see approx.
a. 20/200
b. 20/40
c. 20/20 - ANSWER-b. 20/40
Accommodated lens - ANSWER--Contracted ciliary muscle
-Zonules relaxed
-Fibers slack
-Close focus
-Crystalline lens becomes rounder
Accommodation - ANSWER--Change in dioptric power of lens to maintain an in-focus retinal image of an
object in the fovea
-Based on position of far point & near point
-Specified in range & amplitude
Accommodation is lost at (old/young) age. Manifests at (old/young) age. - ANSWER-Accommodation is
lost at young age. Manifests at old age.
Accommodative convergence - ANSWER--Associated with accommodation
-Measured using near targets & minus lenses
Adolescence-adulthood axial length - ANSWER-23-25 mm
Advantages of Snellen VA - ANSWER--26 letters to chose
-Reduce guessing chance
,Test 1 Primary Care
-Letters are familiar
-Visual examination expects to read
After birth a newborn... - ANSWER--Can fix & follow a light source, face or large/colorful toy
-Axial length: 16-17 mm
Alertness & orientation - ANSWER--Person
-Place
-Time
-Reason/circumstances
-Aspect (sad, severely depressed?)
Especially in geriatric population
Allergies - ANSWER--Food/dye
-Environmental
-Medication
Include: kind of reaction, relief/preventive measures
Report: NKDA (no known drug allergies)
Amblyopic patient - ANSWER--Do not present whole chart; isolating letters or single line (specify method
used)
-Crowding effect
Ametropia - ANSWER-Refractive error
Amplitude of accommodation (AoA) - ANSWER--Dioptric value of NPA minus FPA
AoA = NPA - FPA
Amplitude of convergence - ANSWER-Equals the reciprocals (m) of the NPC multiplied by the pt
interpupillary distance (ipd in cm)
Amplitude of convergence = 1/(NPC x IPD)
Angular size of foveola - ANSWER-54 minutes of arc
, Test 1 Primary Care
Anisocoria - ANSWER-Different pupil sizes
Anophtalmia - ANSWER--Globe absence due to failure of formation of optic vessels
-Associated with absence of EOMs, short conjunctival sac & microblepharon
Anterior bundle - ANSWER--Strongest & thickest
-Unaccommodated position (flat)
As relative luminance increases, relative visual acuity ____. - ANSWER-Increases
10-100 increase in luminance causes little change in VA, but reducing it causes VA loss
Associated factors - ANSWER-What other symptoms do you experience? Do you relate the problem to
some associated factors?
Ex: stress, changes in blood glucose
Astigmatism - ANSWER--Most common
-Correction: toric lens
-Can be simple or compound
Autosomal Dominant Inheritance Conditions - ANSWER--Congenital Ptosis
-Corneal Dystrophies
-Aniridia
-Congenital Cataracts
-Marfan's Syndrome
-Neurofibromatosis
-Vitreoretinal dystrophy
-Best's Disease
-Cone or cone-rod degeneration/dystrophy
-Retinoblastoma
-Optic Nerve Atrophy
-Inherited blue-yellow defect color deficiencies
-Choroidal dystrophies
-Oculocutaneous Albinism
