NUR 216 - Module 4

NUR 216 - Module 4 Questions to ask prior to beginning the assessment What do you need to do before starting the assessment? **Answers:** - Review the client chart. - Gather needed supplies. - Announce your presence to the client. - Ensure client privacy. - Perform hand hygiene. --- **Questions about techniques used for a skin assessment:** What techniques are used for a skin assessment? **Answers:** - Inspection and palpation. --- **Questions regarding inspection during a skin assessment:** What do you inspect during a skin assessment? **Answers:** - Color, texture, moisture, and integrity. --- **Questions about palpation during a skin assessment:** What do you palpate for during a skin assessment? **Answers:** - Texture, moisture, temperature, mobility, and turgor. --- **Questions about tools needed for a skin assessment:** What tools are needed in preparation for a skin assessment? **Answers:** - Strong direct lighting, gloves, penlight, and a small centimeter ruler. --- **Questions about the layers of skin:** What is the epidermis? **Answers:** - The surface layer is a combination of dead cells on the outside and live cells on the inside. It takes about a month for cells to move from the inner surface to the outer surface, which allows the skin to renew itself continually. What is the dermis? **Answers:** - The middle layer is composed of connective tissue formed by a dense combination of interconnecting collagen and elastic fibers. It contains blood vessels, hair follicles, cutaneous nerve endings, sensory receptors, lymphatics, and sebaceous and sweat glands. What is the subcutaneous layer? **Answers:** - The innermost layer contains fatty tissue. This layer stores fat for energy, provides insulation for temperature control, and offers cushioning protection for the body while allowing flexibility over the skeleton beneath. --- **Questions about the functions of skin and nails:** What are the functions of skin and nails? **Answers:** - Protect the inner body parts and organs. - Regulate body temperature through shivering and sweating. - Provide sensory perception of temperature, touch, and pain. - Excrete waste and toxic substances. - Produce vitamin D. --- **Questions about aging and skin changes:** What happens to skin elasticity in older adults? **Answers:** - Skin loses elasticity, leading to folds and sagging. - There is decreased skin turgor. What about sweat and sebaceous glands in older adults? **Answers:** - There is a decrease in number and function, resulting in dry skin. What is senile purpura in older adults? **Answers:** - Discoloration occurs due to increasing capillary fragility. What contributes to skin breakdown in older adults? **Answers:** - Cell replacement is slower and wound healing is delayed. What changes occur in the hair matrix of older adults? **Answers:** - Functioning melanocytes decrease, leading to gray fine hair. --- **Questions about risk factors for skin cancer:** What is the most important environmental risk factor for skin cancer?