Bontrager Chapter 4 Workbook
Number of Bones in the Hand:
- Phalanges (Fingers and Thumb): 14
- Metacarpals (Palm): 5
- Carpals (Wrist): 8
- Total Bones in the Hand: 27
Bone Structure:
- Thumb (First Digit) Portions:
- A. Proximal Phalanx
- B. Distal Phalanx
- Fingers (Second through Fifth) Portions:
- A. Proximal Phalanx
- B. Middle Phalanx
- C. Distal Phalanx
- Parts of Each Phalanx (Starting Distally):
- A. Head
- B. Body (Shaft)
- C. Base
- Parts of Each Metacarpal (Starting Proximally):
- A. Base
- B. Body (Shaft)
- C. Head
Joints:
,- Joint Between the Proximal and Distal Phalanges of the First Digit:
- Interphalangeal Joint
- Joints Between the Metacarpals and the Phalanges:
- Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints
Carpal Bones:
- Largest Carpal Bone: Capitate
- Hook-like Process Extending from the Hamate: Hamulus/Hamular Process
- Most Commonly Fractured Carpal Bone: Scaphoid
Mnemonics for Carpal Bones:
1. Send Letter To Peter To Tell him (to) Come Home
2. Steve Left The Party To Take Carol Home
Forearm Bones:
- A. Bone on the Lateral (Thumb) Side: Radius
- B. Bone on the Medial Side: Ulna
Structures and Their Relationships:
1. Trochlear Notch: Ulnar
2. Radial Notch: Ulnar
3. Olecranon Fossa: Distal Humerus
4. Trochlea: Distal Humerus
5. Coronoid Tubercle: Ulnar
6. Coronoid Process: Ulnar
7. Olecranon Process: Ulnar
8. Coronoid Fossa: Distal Humerus
, Forearm Rotation:
- Joint Permitting Forearm Rotation During Pronation: Proximal Radioulnar Joint
Articulating Portions of the Distal Humerus:
- A. Articular Portion on the Medial Aspect: Trochlea
- B. Articular Portion on the Lateral Aspect: Capitulum
Deep Depression on the Distal Humerus:
- Olecranon Fossa
Evaluating True Lateral Position of the Elbow:
The criteria for a true lateral position of the elbow involves the appearance of three concentric arcs:
- A. First and Smallest Arc: Trochlear Sulcus (Groove)
- B. Intermediate Double Arc:
- (a) Capitulum
- (b) Trochlea
- C. Third Arc (Part of the Ulna): Trochlear Notch
Joint Movement Type:
- Interphalangeal Joints: Ginglymus (also known as hinge joints)
Joint movement type:
Carpometacarpal of first digit ✅Saddle
Joint movement type:
Elbow joint (humeroulnar and humeroradial) ✅Ginglymus
Joint movement type:
Metacarpophalangeal of second to fifth digits ✅Ellipsoidal
Number of Bones in the Hand:
- Phalanges (Fingers and Thumb): 14
- Metacarpals (Palm): 5
- Carpals (Wrist): 8
- Total Bones in the Hand: 27
Bone Structure:
- Thumb (First Digit) Portions:
- A. Proximal Phalanx
- B. Distal Phalanx
- Fingers (Second through Fifth) Portions:
- A. Proximal Phalanx
- B. Middle Phalanx
- C. Distal Phalanx
- Parts of Each Phalanx (Starting Distally):
- A. Head
- B. Body (Shaft)
- C. Base
- Parts of Each Metacarpal (Starting Proximally):
- A. Base
- B. Body (Shaft)
- C. Head
Joints:
,- Joint Between the Proximal and Distal Phalanges of the First Digit:
- Interphalangeal Joint
- Joints Between the Metacarpals and the Phalanges:
- Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) Joints
Carpal Bones:
- Largest Carpal Bone: Capitate
- Hook-like Process Extending from the Hamate: Hamulus/Hamular Process
- Most Commonly Fractured Carpal Bone: Scaphoid
Mnemonics for Carpal Bones:
1. Send Letter To Peter To Tell him (to) Come Home
2. Steve Left The Party To Take Carol Home
Forearm Bones:
- A. Bone on the Lateral (Thumb) Side: Radius
- B. Bone on the Medial Side: Ulna
Structures and Their Relationships:
1. Trochlear Notch: Ulnar
2. Radial Notch: Ulnar
3. Olecranon Fossa: Distal Humerus
4. Trochlea: Distal Humerus
5. Coronoid Tubercle: Ulnar
6. Coronoid Process: Ulnar
7. Olecranon Process: Ulnar
8. Coronoid Fossa: Distal Humerus
, Forearm Rotation:
- Joint Permitting Forearm Rotation During Pronation: Proximal Radioulnar Joint
Articulating Portions of the Distal Humerus:
- A. Articular Portion on the Medial Aspect: Trochlea
- B. Articular Portion on the Lateral Aspect: Capitulum
Deep Depression on the Distal Humerus:
- Olecranon Fossa
Evaluating True Lateral Position of the Elbow:
The criteria for a true lateral position of the elbow involves the appearance of three concentric arcs:
- A. First and Smallest Arc: Trochlear Sulcus (Groove)
- B. Intermediate Double Arc:
- (a) Capitulum
- (b) Trochlea
- C. Third Arc (Part of the Ulna): Trochlear Notch
Joint Movement Type:
- Interphalangeal Joints: Ginglymus (also known as hinge joints)
Joint movement type:
Carpometacarpal of first digit ✅Saddle
Joint movement type:
Elbow joint (humeroulnar and humeroradial) ✅Ginglymus
Joint movement type:
Metacarpophalangeal of second to fifth digits ✅Ellipsoidal
