Bontrager Workbook Chapter 3-Abdomen

Bontrager Workbook Chapter 3-Abdomen Games and activities Digestive System Anatomy 1. Posterior Abdominal Muscles: - The two large muscles found in the posterior abdomen adjacent to the lumbar vertebrae, usually visible on an AP radiograph, are called the Psoas muscles. 2. Prefix for Stomach: - The medical prefix for stomach is Gastro. 3. Parts of the Small Intestine: - The three parts of the small intestine are: 1. Duodenum 2. Jejunum 3. Ileum - The ileum is the longest portion of the small intestine. 4. Large Intestine: - The large intestine begins in the right lower quadrant with a saclike area called the cecum. - The sigmoid colon is located between the descending colon and the rectum. 5. Lymphatic System: - The organ considered to be part of the lymphatic system is: - b. spleen (not the liver, pancreas, or gallbladder). 6. Accessory Digestive Organs: - The three accessory digestive organs are: 1. Pancreas 2. Liver 3. Gallbladder 7. Pancreas Location: - The pancreas is located posteriorly to the stomach. 8. Non-Digestive Organ: - The organ not directly associated with the digestive system is: - b. spleen (as opposed to the gallbladder, jejunum, and pancreas). 9. Kidney Position: - The right kidney is found in a more inferior position than the left kidney due to the presence of the liver on the right side. 10. Endocrine Glands: - The endocrine glands that are superomedial to each kidney are the suprarenals (adrenal glands). 11. Radiographic Study: - False: The correct term for the radiographic study of the urinary system is intravenous urography (IVU) rather than IVP. 12. Peritoneum: - The double-walled membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity is called the peritoneum. 13. Retroperitoneal Organs: - The organs located posteriorly to, or behind, the serous membrane lining the abdominopelvic cavity are referred to as retroperitoneal. 14. Support Structures: - The structure that helps stabilize and support the small intestine is the mesentery. 15. Double Fold of Peritoneum: - The double fold of peritoneum that connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach is the greater omentum. ### Categorization of Organs - Intraperitoneal Organs: Liver, spleen, transverse colon, stomach - Infraperitoneal Organs: Urinary bladder, ovaries, testes - Retroperitoneal Organs: Kidneys, duodenum, adrenal glands, pancreas, ascending and descending colon ### Location of Organs - LUQ: Spleen, left colic flexure, stomach, two-thirds of jejunum - RUQ: Liver - RLQ: Appendix ### Abdominal Regions 1. The correct term for the abdominal region found directly in the middle of the abdomen is: - c. umbilic. 2. The abdominal region that contains the rectum is: - a. pubic. The prominence of the greater trochanter is about the same level of the ___ of the symphysis pubis, and the lower margins of the ischial tuberosities is about ___inches ___ to the symphysis pubis. superior border, 1.5, distal Which topographic landmark corresponds to the inferior margin of the abdomen and is formed by the anterior junction of the two pelvic bones? symphysis pubis Which topographic landmark is found at the level of L2-L3? inferior costal margin The iliac crest is at the level of the ___ vertebra interspace between L4-L5 What are the two causes of voluntary motion? 1. patient breathing 2. patient movement during exposure Voluntary motion can best be prevented by___ to the patient careful breathing instructions What is the primary cause for involuntary motion in the abdomen? peristaltic action of the bowel What is the best mechanism to control involuntary motion? use the shortest exposure time possible True/False Because the liver margin is visible in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, it is not necessary to place a right or left anatomic side marker on the cassette before exposure. False True/False For an adult abdomen, a collimation margin must be visible on all four side of the radiograph. False Gonadal shielding should not be used during abdomen radiography if: a. it obscures essential anatomy b. the patient requests that it not be used c. the technologist does not elect to use it d. the patient is 40 years or older a. it obscures essential anatomy Gonadal shielding for ___ may be impossible for studies of the lower abdominopelic region. a. males b. females c. both males and females d. small children b. females Gonadal shielding for females involves placing the top of the shield at or slightly above the level of the ___, with the bottom at the ___. ASIS; Symphysis pubis Which one of the following exposure considerations would be most ideal for an AP abdomen of an average-size. a. 110-120 kV, grid, 40-in SID b. 85-95 kV, grid, 40-in SID c. 70-80 kV, grid, 40-in SID d.60-70 kV, grid, 40-in SID c. 70-80 kV, grid, 40-in SID