Certified Lactation Counselor (CLC) Study Guide 246 Correct Questions and Answers Exam Update.

Certified Lactation Counselor (CLC) Study Guide 246 Correct Questions and Answers Exam Update. AAP - Answer:-American Academy of Pediatrics ABM - Answer:-Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine AGA - Answer:-Appropriate for gestational age. Alveoli - Answer:-Small glands in the breast that produce breast milk. Amenorrhea - Answer:-The absence of menstruation. Asymmetric latch - Answer:-Optimal attachment to the breast, where the babies lips are not centered in relationship to the areola, but rather vertically off centered, with the babies chin and lower lip closer to the edge of the areola and the babies upper lip. Atopy - Answer:-And allergy for which there is a genetic predisposition, such as asthma, eczema, or rhinitis. (BFHI) Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative - Answer:-The UNICEF baby friendly hospital initiative, an international program recognizing hospitals and birth centers that implement the 10 steps to successful breastfeeding. Bilirubin - Answer:-The byproduct of the breakdown of the hemoglobin portion of red blood cells. Bilirubin Encephalopathy - Answer:-Damage to the brain and central nervous system related to hyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice); Also known as "Kernicterus." Milk Bleb - Answer:-A firm, small, white spot near the nipple pore opening containing accumulated milk solids. Also referred to as a milk blister. Block Feeding - Answer:-A pattern of feeding: used to deal with an over-abundant milk supply. In block feeding, the mother offers the baby only one breast for one, two, or three feedings to generate mild local pressure to slow down milk production. Then she offers the other breast for another block of time. Blocked Duct - Answer:-A condition in which milk from one part of the breast does not flow well and forms a lump of solidified milk that blocks the milk duct. Brachial Plexus Injury - Answer:-Decreased movement or sensation in the arm caused by injury to the bundle of nerves passing through the shoulder area. This may be caused during birth by pressure to the shoulder area. Bradycardia - Answer:-Slow heart rate, less than 100 bpm in an infant. Breast Abscess - Answer:-An area in the breast that feels hot and painful and is full of fluid. Typically resulting from unresolved mastitis. Breast Compression - Answer:-A hands-on method used during nursing or pumping to increase the flow of milk. The mother gently sneezes, or compresses gently, her breast. Typically used when milk flow stops or slows, to increase milk flow again. Also called "alternate massage." Breast milk Jaundice - Answer:-Jaundice occurring in the breast fed infant after 10-14 days of life. The cause of breast milk jaundice is unknown and the incident is less than 1%. Brucellosis - Answer:-Bacterial infection from contact with animals carrying the Brucella bacteria. Infection causes an undulating fever that spikes in waves. Candida - Answer:-A family of parasitic fungi occurring especially in the mouth, vagina, and intestinal tract. They are usually benign but can become pathogenic and include the causative agent (candida albicans) of thrush. Caput Succedaneum - Answer:-Swelling of the soft tissues of a newborn baby's scalp that develops as a baby travels through the birth canal. CDC - Answer:-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Cephalohematoma - Answer:-A lump that rises on the head of a newborn with an hours of birth due to bleeding beneath the bones of the skull. Chorioamniotis - Answer:-Inflammation of the fetal membrane due to infection. Cleft Lip and/or Palate - Answer:-A congenital birth defect causing a division or opening in the roof of the mouth and/or split in the lip. Cyanosis - Answer:-A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes. Colostrum - Answer:-The first milk, produced in the breast by the seventh month of pregnancy. It is thick, sticky, and clear to yellowish in color; is high in protein and vitamin A; causes a laxative effect, thus, helping the baby to pass meconium stools. Immunoglobulins (mostly IgA) In colostrum provide an anti- infection protection to the baby and their gut microbiome. Contraindication - Answer:-A condition or factor that makes something in advisable. Craniofacial - Answer:-Involving the head and skull. Cooper's Ligaments - Answer:-The triangular-shaped ligaments underlying the breasts. Cytomegalovirus - Answer:-A virus of the herpes family that is relatively harmless and adults but can cause severe systemic infection in infants, particularly those born premature. Dehydration Signs - Answer:-Symptoms include, but are not limited to the following: Dry or sticky mouth, low or no urine output, concentrated urine that appears dark yellow, non-production of tears, sunken eyes, markedly sunken fontanelles in an infant, lethargic or coma (severe). Diabetes Mellitus - Answer:-A group of diseases in which the body has difficulty managing stable blood sugar. Discordant Twins - Answer:-Twin pairs with a marked difference in size at birth. Discrepancy Breasts - Answer:-A condition in which a woman's breast are markedly different in size and/or shape. This is associated with potential milk supply problems. Also called "asymmetric "breasts. Down Syndrome - Answer:-A congenital condition characterized by moderate to severe mental retardation *[textbook definition]*. Also called trisomy 21. Dyad - Answer:-A group of two. In lactation terms, usually refers to a nursing mother and baby. Duarte Galactosemia - Answer:-A variant of galactosemia with generally milder complications. EBF - Answer:-Exclusively breastfed. ELBW (Acronym) - Answer:-Extremely low birth weight. An infant with a birth weight less than 1,000 grams (2.2 pounds). Failure to Thrive (FTT) - Answer:-A serious condition in which baby's growth is inadequate and requires medical evaluation. Engorgement - Answer:-Swelling in the breast that blocks milk flow; caused by inadequate or infrequent milk removal the breast(s). Breasts will be hot to the touch, painful and will look tight and shiny. With severe engorgement, milk production may stop. With inadequate drainage, clogs and/or mastitis can occur. Everted Nipple - Answer:-A nipple that turns outward when stimulated. Exclusive Breastmilk Feeding (EBMF) - Answer:-A term used by The Joint Commission (2011) to describe those babies who are receiving only human milk. Feeding Cues - Answer:-Infant behavior that indicates an interest in eating, including rapid eye movement, movement of hands near the face and mouth (sucking hands and fingers), rooting and seeking motions (turning head side to side while gaping). Flat Nipple - Answer:-A nipple that everts in response to stimulation but is otherwise not projected. Foremilk - Answer:-The milk that is expressed from the breast at the beginning of a feed. Glactocele - Answer:-A milk-filled cyst in the breast, most likely caused by an obstructed duct. Glactogogue - Answer:-Food or drinks given to the lactating parent that are believed to increase milk production. Galactose - Answer:-A simple sugar that is portion of lactose; the sugar present in milk. Galactosemia - Answer:-Congenital metabolic disorder causing inability of the body to use the simple sugar galactose, causing accumulation of galactose 1-phosphate in the body, which results in damage to the liver, central nervous system, and other body systems with permanent, even fatal, outcomes. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) - Answer:-A form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy. Goldsmith's Sign - Answer:-The association of a baby's persistent refusal of one breast with possible breast cancer in the mother. Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency - Answer:-A hereditary metabolic enzyme deficiency that leads to mild destruction of red blood cells and jaundice when the individual is ill or exposed to substances ranging from fava beans to sulfa drugs and beyond. Hematoma - Answer:-A blood filled lump/swelling resulting from a broken blood vessel. Hindmilk - Answer:-The milk expressed from the breast toward the end of a feed. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) - Answer:-A group of retroviruses, especially HIV-1, that infect and destroy helper T-cells of the immune system, causing the marked reduction in their numbers that is diagnostic of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Also called AIDS virus. Inverted Nipple - Answer:-A nipple that turns inward when stimulated. Has 3 degrees of variation. Kernicterus - Answer:-Bilirubin encephalopathy, a form of brain damage resulting from unconjugated bilirubin entering the brain. Characterized by lethargy, poor feeding, vomiting, irregular respiration, perhaps death. Jaundice - Answer:-Condition that results when red blood cells break down faster than the liver can handle, causing a yellow tint of the skin. In the newborn, normal physiologic jaundice is caused by the Immaturity of the liver. There are different degrees of jaundice; severity differs among gestational age groups and post-natal age of baby. IUGR - Answer:-Acronym for "intrauterine growth restriction." Lactogenesis - Answer:-The stages of development of milk. The production process of human lactation. Has 3 stages of development. The first stage starts during pregnancy. Following the detachment of the placenta after birth. And then frequent nipple stimulation in the early postpartum days. Lactose - Answer:-A disaccharide (sugar) that is commonly found in milk and consists of galactose and glucose. Late Pre-Term Infant (LPTI) - Answer:-Am infant born between 34 0/7 weeks gestation and 36 6/7 weeks gestation. LBW (Low Birth Weight) - Answer:-Acronym for "low birth weight." Infant weighs less than 2,500 grams (5lbs8oz). Milk Ejection Reflex - Answer:-Also called the letdown reflex. Indication and sudden reflex of milk flowing from the nipples when oxytocin release is triggered. Oxytocin causes the contraction of myoepithelial cells, ejecting milk from the breast. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) - Answer:-A bacterium that causes infections in different parts of the body and is often resistant to commonly used antibiotics; can be found on the skin, in surgical wounds, in the bloodstream, lungs, and urinary tract. Mastitis - Answer:-Inflammation in the breast causing localized tenderness, redness, and warm to the touch. Mother may have a fever, feel tired, achy, or nauseous, they have a headache. Similar symptoms to influenza. Mastitis may or may not be infective process (requiring antibiotics). Meconium - Answer:-An infants first stool, varying from a greenish black to light brown with a tarry, sticky consistency. Montgomery Glands - Answer:-Small tubercles in the areola of the breast that contain both sebaceous and mammary lobes. These glands become more marked in pregnancy and secrete a fluid that lubricates the nipple area. Moro Reflex - Answer:-Infant reflex where a baby will startle in response to a loud sound or sudden movement. A response present in the normal infant from the 3rd trimester through the 4th or 5th month after birth. When pulled up from a laying position and then released, the infant will spread its arms, then fold them back to the body, usually crying. Myoepithelial Cells - Answer:-Smooth muscle cells that and circle the alveoli and duct of the breast. Contraction of the cells, caused by oxytocin release, causes the outward flow of milk, or milk ejection reflex. Multipara - Answer:-A woman who has given birth to multiple babies. Non-nutritive Sucking - Answer:-Suckling that causes little or no milk secretion, associated with eight or more sucks per swallow. (8:1 + ratio) May be "flutter sucking" or "comfort sucking." Nutritive Sucking - Answer:-Actively suckling causing milk flow and milk transfer, typically thought of as one or two sucks per swallow (1:1 or 2:1 ratio) No more than 6 sucks per swallow (6:1) NSAIDs - Answer:-Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, naproxen, Naprosyn, ect.) Oxytocin - Answer:-A hormone released by the posterior pituitary that stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth and milk ejection during breastfeeding. Contracts the cells around the alveoli and sending milk down the ducts and out the nipple pores causing milk ejection reflex, AKA "letdown."