Final Exam NEW FOR 2024 GRADED A+/ Final Exam
NEW FOR 2024 GRADED A+/ Final Exam NEW FOR
2024 GRADED A+
A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicate
to the professor that the students need a review?
o bleeding from duodenal ulcers causes hematemesis or melena
o gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure to acid
o characteristic pain begins 30 min to 2 hours after eating
o duodenal ulcers occur with greater frequency that other types of peptic ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER-o
gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure to acid
After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse,
hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?
o excessive relaxation of gastric and vascular smooth muscles
o postoperative hemorrhage
o concentrated food bolus, causing hyperglycemia
o rapid gastric emptying - CORRECT ANSWER-o rapid gastric emptying
A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare patient
teach this patient?
o eat small, frequent high protein meals
o this will need surgical correction
o take antacids 30 min before meals
o drink plenty of water with your meals. - CORRECT ANSWER-o eat small, frequent high protein meals
The most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension is what type of bleeding?
o rectal
,o duodenal
o esophageal
o intestinal - CORRECT ANSWER-o esophageal
A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab value would the healthcare
professional associate with this condition?
a. Low white blood cell count
b. Low platelet count
c. High red cell count
d. High hemoglobin and hematocrit - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Low platelet count
A professor has taught students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic
encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review the material?
o End productions of intestinal protein digestion are sources of increased ammonia.
o Digested blood leaking from ruptured varices is a source of increased ammonia.
o Ammonia-forming bacteria in the colon are sources of increased ammonia.
o Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are the source of increased ammonia. - CORRECT ANSWER-o
Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are the source of increased ammonia.
Hepatic fat accumulation is observed in which form of cirrhosis?
a. Biliary
b.Metabolic
c. Postnecrotic
d. Alcoholic - CORRECT ANSWER-d. Alcoholic
The student asks the healthcare professional to explain the pathophysiologic process of alcoholic
cirrhosis. What statement by the professional not be consistent with complete knowledge about this
process?
o Inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi
o alcohol is transformed to acetaldehyde, which promotes liver fibrosis
,o mitochondrial function is impaired, decreasing oxidation of fatty acids
o acetaldehyde inhibits export of proteins from the liver - CORRECT ANSWER-o Inflammation and
damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi
A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis?
o autoimmune process with IgG attacking pancreatic acinar cells
o it is usually a severe disease with a high mortality rate
o pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues
o oversecretion of pancreatic enzymes and malnutrition - CORRECT ANSWER-o pancreatic enzymes
autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues
The mutation of which gene is an early event associated with pathogenetic origin of esophageal
cancer?
o KRAS
o TP53
o myc
o HER2 - CORRECT ANSWER-o TP53
What information does the student learn about parietal pain? (Select all that apply.)
o parietal pain arises from the parietal peritoneum
o it is generally more localized than visceral pain
o parietal pain is usually less intense than visceral pain
o nerve fibers that travel to the spinal cord are involved in parietal pain
o parietal pain corresponds to dermatomes T6 and L1. - CORRECT ANSWER-o parietal pain arises from
the parietal peritoneum
o it is generally more localized than visceral pain
o nerve fibers that travel to the spinal cord are involved in parietal pain
o parietal pain corresponds to dermatomes T6 and L1.
Which information about chronic gastritis does the student learn? (Select all that apply.)
, o chronic gastritis tends to occur more in older adults
o it causes thinning and degeneration of the stomach wall
o chronic gastritis results in chronic inflammation and mucosal atrophy
o mucosal atrophy is a common outcome of chronic gastritis
o epithelial metaplasia is often observed with chronic gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER-o chronic gastritis
results in chronic inflammation and mucosal atrophy
o mucosal atrophy is a common outcome of chronic gastritis
o epithelial metaplasia is often observed with chronic gastritis
What are the early (prodromal) clinical manifestations of hepatitis? (Select all that apply.)
o fatigue
o vomiting
o jaundice
o itching
o hyperalgia - CORRECT ANSWER-o fatigue
o vomiting
o hyperalgia
Which clinical manifestations are consistent with cancer of the cecum and ascending colon? (Select all
that apply.)
o mahogany-colored blood mixed with stool
o anemia
o pain
o constipation
o palpable mass in the lower right quadrant - CORRECT ANSWER-o mahogany-colored blood mixed
with stool
o anemia
o pain
o palpable mass in the lower right quadrant
NEW FOR 2024 GRADED A+/ Final Exam NEW FOR
2024 GRADED A+
A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicate
to the professor that the students need a review?
o bleeding from duodenal ulcers causes hematemesis or melena
o gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure to acid
o characteristic pain begins 30 min to 2 hours after eating
o duodenal ulcers occur with greater frequency that other types of peptic ulcers - CORRECT ANSWER-o
gastric emptying is slowed, causing greater exposure to acid
After a partial gastrectomy or pyloroplasty, clinical manifestations that include increased pulse,
hypotension, weakness, pallor, sweating, and dizziness are the results of which mechanism?
o excessive relaxation of gastric and vascular smooth muscles
o postoperative hemorrhage
o concentrated food bolus, causing hyperglycemia
o rapid gastric emptying - CORRECT ANSWER-o rapid gastric emptying
A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare patient
teach this patient?
o eat small, frequent high protein meals
o this will need surgical correction
o take antacids 30 min before meals
o drink plenty of water with your meals. - CORRECT ANSWER-o eat small, frequent high protein meals
The most common clinical manifestation of portal hypertension is what type of bleeding?
o rectal
,o duodenal
o esophageal
o intestinal - CORRECT ANSWER-o esophageal
A patient has portal hypertension-induced splenomegaly. Which lab value would the healthcare
professional associate with this condition?
a. Low white blood cell count
b. Low platelet count
c. High red cell count
d. High hemoglobin and hematocrit - CORRECT ANSWER-b. Low platelet count
A professor has taught students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic
encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review the material?
o End productions of intestinal protein digestion are sources of increased ammonia.
o Digested blood leaking from ruptured varices is a source of increased ammonia.
o Ammonia-forming bacteria in the colon are sources of increased ammonia.
o Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are the source of increased ammonia. - CORRECT ANSWER-o
Accumulation of short-chain fatty acids are the source of increased ammonia.
Hepatic fat accumulation is observed in which form of cirrhosis?
a. Biliary
b.Metabolic
c. Postnecrotic
d. Alcoholic - CORRECT ANSWER-d. Alcoholic
The student asks the healthcare professional to explain the pathophysiologic process of alcoholic
cirrhosis. What statement by the professional not be consistent with complete knowledge about this
process?
o Inflammation and damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi
o alcohol is transformed to acetaldehyde, which promotes liver fibrosis
,o mitochondrial function is impaired, decreasing oxidation of fatty acids
o acetaldehyde inhibits export of proteins from the liver - CORRECT ANSWER-o Inflammation and
damage leading to cirrhosis begin in the bile canaliculi
A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis?
o autoimmune process with IgG attacking pancreatic acinar cells
o it is usually a severe disease with a high mortality rate
o pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues
o oversecretion of pancreatic enzymes and malnutrition - CORRECT ANSWER-o pancreatic enzymes
autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues
The mutation of which gene is an early event associated with pathogenetic origin of esophageal
cancer?
o KRAS
o TP53
o myc
o HER2 - CORRECT ANSWER-o TP53
What information does the student learn about parietal pain? (Select all that apply.)
o parietal pain arises from the parietal peritoneum
o it is generally more localized than visceral pain
o parietal pain is usually less intense than visceral pain
o nerve fibers that travel to the spinal cord are involved in parietal pain
o parietal pain corresponds to dermatomes T6 and L1. - CORRECT ANSWER-o parietal pain arises from
the parietal peritoneum
o it is generally more localized than visceral pain
o nerve fibers that travel to the spinal cord are involved in parietal pain
o parietal pain corresponds to dermatomes T6 and L1.
Which information about chronic gastritis does the student learn? (Select all that apply.)
, o chronic gastritis tends to occur more in older adults
o it causes thinning and degeneration of the stomach wall
o chronic gastritis results in chronic inflammation and mucosal atrophy
o mucosal atrophy is a common outcome of chronic gastritis
o epithelial metaplasia is often observed with chronic gastritis - CORRECT ANSWER-o chronic gastritis
results in chronic inflammation and mucosal atrophy
o mucosal atrophy is a common outcome of chronic gastritis
o epithelial metaplasia is often observed with chronic gastritis
What are the early (prodromal) clinical manifestations of hepatitis? (Select all that apply.)
o fatigue
o vomiting
o jaundice
o itching
o hyperalgia - CORRECT ANSWER-o fatigue
o vomiting
o hyperalgia
Which clinical manifestations are consistent with cancer of the cecum and ascending colon? (Select all
that apply.)
o mahogany-colored blood mixed with stool
o anemia
o pain
o constipation
o palpable mass in the lower right quadrant - CORRECT ANSWER-o mahogany-colored blood mixed
with stool
o anemia
o pain
o palpable mass in the lower right quadrant
