HKIN 191 Midterm Study Guide
Questions and Answers
Physiology - Answer-The study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions
of living organisms.
Exercise Physiology - Answer-Addresses short-term responses of the body to stress
caused by physical activity and the adaptability of the body relative to physical activity.
Sedentary Physiology - Answer-The study of deleterious health outcomes from the lack
of moderate to physical activity.
Physical Activity - Answer-Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles resulting
in energy expenditure, usually related to physical fitness.
Exercise - Answer-Planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement aimed at
improving or maintaining physical fitness.
Sport - Answer-Subset of exercise undertaken individually or as part of a team,
adhering to a common set of rules or expectations.
Physical Fitness - Answer-The ability of the body systems to work together efficiently to
allow for healthy living and performing daily activities.
Health-Related Components of Physical Fitness - Answer-Body Composition,
Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Flexibility, Muscular Endurance, Power, Strength.
Skill-Related Components of Physical Fitness - Answer-Speed, Balance, Agility,
Coordination, Reaction Time.
Sleep - Answer-The state in which the body is in complete relaxation, lowering systems
to the minimum to keep alive and rest.
Sedentary - Answer-Energy output below a certain threshold, involving sleeping and low
energy expenditure activities.
SITT Principle - Answer-Sedentary behavior frequency, Interruptions, Time, Type.
, Intensity - Answer-MET - Metabolic equivalent, with 1 MET being the energy cost of
sitting (1/kcal/kg/hour) or (3.5ml/kg/min).
MET Compendium - Answer-Categorizes activities by light, moderate, and vigorous
intensity based on associated METs.
CSEP Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (2011) - Answer-Recommended 150
minutes of vigorous physical activity per week, without specific recommendations for
other activity.
Carbohydrates - Answer-Macronutrients providing energy, covered up to the lecture.
Homeostasis - Answer-The body's tendency to maintain internal stability, crucial for
resting conditions.
Pulse Wave Velocity - Answer-Measure of aortal stiffness, calculated using distance
and time, with a cut-off between 9.9 - 13.0 m/s.
Preload - Answer-Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole, increased in
hypervolemia and regurgitation.
Afterload - Answer-Resistance the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood,
increased in hypertension and vasoconstriction.
Systole - Answer-Period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart, used to measure
aortal compliance and stiffness.
Diastole - Answer-Period of relaxation in the ventricles, involving passive and active
filling of the heart with blood.
Arterial Stiffness - Answer-Rigidity of blood vessels increasing reverb back to the heart,
leading to higher blood pressure.
Arterial Compliance - Answer-Ability of the blood vessel wall to expand and contract
passively with changes in pressure, calculated by change in Volume by change in
Pressure.
Perfusion Pressure - Answer-The pressure from the arterial side to the venous side of
the vessel.
Transmural Pressure - Answer-The pressure difference across the vessel wall.
Left Ventricle - Answer-Part of the heart responsible for inducing blood flow through the
body and allowing it to fill up with more blood.
Questions and Answers
Physiology - Answer-The study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions
of living organisms.
Exercise Physiology - Answer-Addresses short-term responses of the body to stress
caused by physical activity and the adaptability of the body relative to physical activity.
Sedentary Physiology - Answer-The study of deleterious health outcomes from the lack
of moderate to physical activity.
Physical Activity - Answer-Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles resulting
in energy expenditure, usually related to physical fitness.
Exercise - Answer-Planned, structured, and repetitive bodily movement aimed at
improving or maintaining physical fitness.
Sport - Answer-Subset of exercise undertaken individually or as part of a team,
adhering to a common set of rules or expectations.
Physical Fitness - Answer-The ability of the body systems to work together efficiently to
allow for healthy living and performing daily activities.
Health-Related Components of Physical Fitness - Answer-Body Composition,
Cardiorespiratory Endurance, Flexibility, Muscular Endurance, Power, Strength.
Skill-Related Components of Physical Fitness - Answer-Speed, Balance, Agility,
Coordination, Reaction Time.
Sleep - Answer-The state in which the body is in complete relaxation, lowering systems
to the minimum to keep alive and rest.
Sedentary - Answer-Energy output below a certain threshold, involving sleeping and low
energy expenditure activities.
SITT Principle - Answer-Sedentary behavior frequency, Interruptions, Time, Type.
, Intensity - Answer-MET - Metabolic equivalent, with 1 MET being the energy cost of
sitting (1/kcal/kg/hour) or (3.5ml/kg/min).
MET Compendium - Answer-Categorizes activities by light, moderate, and vigorous
intensity based on associated METs.
CSEP Canadian Physical Activity Guidelines (2011) - Answer-Recommended 150
minutes of vigorous physical activity per week, without specific recommendations for
other activity.
Carbohydrates - Answer-Macronutrients providing energy, covered up to the lecture.
Homeostasis - Answer-The body's tendency to maintain internal stability, crucial for
resting conditions.
Pulse Wave Velocity - Answer-Measure of aortal stiffness, calculated using distance
and time, with a cut-off between 9.9 - 13.0 m/s.
Preload - Answer-Volume of blood in ventricles at the end of diastole, increased in
hypervolemia and regurgitation.
Afterload - Answer-Resistance the left ventricle must overcome to circulate blood,
increased in hypertension and vasoconstriction.
Systole - Answer-Period of contraction of the ventricles of the heart, used to measure
aortal compliance and stiffness.
Diastole - Answer-Period of relaxation in the ventricles, involving passive and active
filling of the heart with blood.
Arterial Stiffness - Answer-Rigidity of blood vessels increasing reverb back to the heart,
leading to higher blood pressure.
Arterial Compliance - Answer-Ability of the blood vessel wall to expand and contract
passively with changes in pressure, calculated by change in Volume by change in
Pressure.
Perfusion Pressure - Answer-The pressure from the arterial side to the venous side of
the vessel.
Transmural Pressure - Answer-The pressure difference across the vessel wall.
Left Ventricle - Answer-Part of the heart responsible for inducing blood flow through the
body and allowing it to fill up with more blood.
