MileDown MCAT Biology exam review
questions and answers
Nucleoid region - DNA region in prokaryotes
Nucleolus - Makes ribosomes. Sit in nucleus, no membrane
Peroxisomes - collect and break down material
rough ER - accept mRNA to make proteins
smooth ER - detox and make lipids
golgi apparatus - modify/distribute proteins. only in eukaryotes
vesicular transport - Transport of large particles and macromolecules across
plasma membranes
cisternal maturation - The process of cargo movement through the Golgi
apparatus by residing in cisternae that mature from cis to trans via the import and
export of different Golgi enzymes.
,MileDown MCAT Biology exam review
questions and answers
peroxisomes - collect and break down material
centrioles - 9 groups of microtubules, pull chromosomes apart
lysosomes - demo and recycling center. made by golgi, single membrane
plasmids - in prokaryotes. Carry DNA. not necessary for survival
bacilli - Rod shaped bacteria
cocci - spherical bacteria
spirilla - spiral shaped bacteria
obligate aerobe - requires O2
obligate anaerobe - dies in the presence of oxygen
,MileDown MCAT Biology exam review
questions and answers
facultative anaerobe - toggle between aerobic/anaerobic
aerotolerant anaerobe - does not utilize oxygen but can survive and grow in its
presence
gram positive bacteria - stains purple
gram negative bacteria - stains pink/red
gram positive bacteria - thick peptidoglycan/lipoteichoic acid cell wall
gram negative bacteria - thin peptidoglycan cell wall and an outer membrane
eukaryote - ETC in mitochondria
large ribosomes
reproduce via mitosis
prokaryote - ETC in cell membrane
small ribosomes
, MileDown MCAT Biology exam review
questions and answers
reproduce via binary fission
plasmids carry DNA material. May have virulence factors.
virulence factors - traits of a microbe that promote pathogenicity
episomes - plasmids that can integrate into the genome
prions - infections proteins. Trigger misfolding, alpha-helical --> beta pleated
sheets. decreases solubility
viroid - plant pathogens
actin - thin filaments
tubulin - protein that makes up microtubules
intermediate filaments - keratin (vimentin); desmin (lamin)
questions and answers
Nucleoid region - DNA region in prokaryotes
Nucleolus - Makes ribosomes. Sit in nucleus, no membrane
Peroxisomes - collect and break down material
rough ER - accept mRNA to make proteins
smooth ER - detox and make lipids
golgi apparatus - modify/distribute proteins. only in eukaryotes
vesicular transport - Transport of large particles and macromolecules across
plasma membranes
cisternal maturation - The process of cargo movement through the Golgi
apparatus by residing in cisternae that mature from cis to trans via the import and
export of different Golgi enzymes.
,MileDown MCAT Biology exam review
questions and answers
peroxisomes - collect and break down material
centrioles - 9 groups of microtubules, pull chromosomes apart
lysosomes - demo and recycling center. made by golgi, single membrane
plasmids - in prokaryotes. Carry DNA. not necessary for survival
bacilli - Rod shaped bacteria
cocci - spherical bacteria
spirilla - spiral shaped bacteria
obligate aerobe - requires O2
obligate anaerobe - dies in the presence of oxygen
,MileDown MCAT Biology exam review
questions and answers
facultative anaerobe - toggle between aerobic/anaerobic
aerotolerant anaerobe - does not utilize oxygen but can survive and grow in its
presence
gram positive bacteria - stains purple
gram negative bacteria - stains pink/red
gram positive bacteria - thick peptidoglycan/lipoteichoic acid cell wall
gram negative bacteria - thin peptidoglycan cell wall and an outer membrane
eukaryote - ETC in mitochondria
large ribosomes
reproduce via mitosis
prokaryote - ETC in cell membrane
small ribosomes
, MileDown MCAT Biology exam review
questions and answers
reproduce via binary fission
plasmids carry DNA material. May have virulence factors.
virulence factors - traits of a microbe that promote pathogenicity
episomes - plasmids that can integrate into the genome
prions - infections proteins. Trigger misfolding, alpha-helical --> beta pleated
sheets. decreases solubility
viroid - plant pathogens
actin - thin filaments
tubulin - protein that makes up microtubules
intermediate filaments - keratin (vimentin); desmin (lamin)
