PLTW Medical Interventions Unit 1
Questions and Answers
What are we doing to help bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? - Answer-Not taking
medicines to completion-- chance to mutate
Feeding antibiotics to farm animals to increase growth-- chance to mutate
Mutation - Answer-DNA mutates, creating a change in the gene product (Form of
resistance to antibiotics)
Destruction/Inactivation - Answer-Exchange enzymes that chemically degrade the
antibiotic (Form of resistance to antibiotics)
Efflux - Answer-Efflux pump actively transports antibiotic out of cell before it can cause
harm (Form of resistance to antibiotics)
Conjugation - Answer-Plasmid carrying resistance is transferred from one cell to
another using a pilus bridge (Form of sharing resistance)
Transformation - Answer-DNA is transferred as "naked" DNA-- The cell dies, cell wall
deteriorates, and living bacteria take DNA (Form of sharing resistance)
Transduction - Answer-Bacteria is transferred through viruses that effect bacteria
(bacteria-phages)
Frequency - Answer-How often the waves occur. Effects pitch (more waves, higher
pitch)
Amplitude - Answer-How large waves are (how much air they displace, larger
waves=louder sound)
Sound - Answer-Mechanical energy that is transmitted by longitudinal pressure waves
in a medium (such as water or air)
Pinna - Answer-Helps to collect sound waves and rather poorly directs them to the
external auditory canal.
Auditory Canal - Answer-Sound waves are funneled through the tube and are amplified
in the process. It has a natural acidity that protects against infection. Ear wax is
produced to keep the ear from drying out and to ward off insects.
, Plasmid - Answer-Small, circular piece of DNA. Located in the cytoplasm and contain
information for antibiotic resistance.
Ribosomes - Answer-Produce proteins
Cell Wall - Answer-Differ between Gram-Positive (no outer membrane, stains blue) and
Gram-Negative (stains red, contains a second membrane)
Plasma Membrane - Answer-Found in the envelope, protects the cell and controls what
goes in and out.
Capsule - Answer-Most outer layer of the cell, protects it from phagocytosis (white blood
cells)
Flagella - Answer-Responsible for movement
Pili - Answer-(Fimbriae) Hollow hair-like structures that extend from the cell and allow it
to attach to other cells
Endotoxins - Answer-Bacterial toxins, found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
They are released when the cell disintegrates.
Medical Intervention - Answer-Any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alter
the course of disease
Medical interventions help maintain health and homeostasis in the body.
Pathogen - Answer-A specific causative agent of disease
Outbreak - Answer-A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
Patient Symptoms/Risk Factors Organizer - Answer-Chart detailing information about
patients' symptoms and any part of their lifestyle or background that may increase their
risk for certain diseases.
Primer - Answer-Complimentary DNA segment that allows the enzyme to bind to the
DNA for DNA replication.
Bioinformatics - Answer-The collection, classification, storage, and analysis of
biochemical and biological information using computers especially as applied in
molecular genetics and genomics.
Genome - Answer-An organisms genetic material
PCR Amplification - Answer-Melt: Highest temp, separates strands
Anneal: Lowest temp, primers attach
Questions and Answers
What are we doing to help bacteria become resistant to antibiotics? - Answer-Not taking
medicines to completion-- chance to mutate
Feeding antibiotics to farm animals to increase growth-- chance to mutate
Mutation - Answer-DNA mutates, creating a change in the gene product (Form of
resistance to antibiotics)
Destruction/Inactivation - Answer-Exchange enzymes that chemically degrade the
antibiotic (Form of resistance to antibiotics)
Efflux - Answer-Efflux pump actively transports antibiotic out of cell before it can cause
harm (Form of resistance to antibiotics)
Conjugation - Answer-Plasmid carrying resistance is transferred from one cell to
another using a pilus bridge (Form of sharing resistance)
Transformation - Answer-DNA is transferred as "naked" DNA-- The cell dies, cell wall
deteriorates, and living bacteria take DNA (Form of sharing resistance)
Transduction - Answer-Bacteria is transferred through viruses that effect bacteria
(bacteria-phages)
Frequency - Answer-How often the waves occur. Effects pitch (more waves, higher
pitch)
Amplitude - Answer-How large waves are (how much air they displace, larger
waves=louder sound)
Sound - Answer-Mechanical energy that is transmitted by longitudinal pressure waves
in a medium (such as water or air)
Pinna - Answer-Helps to collect sound waves and rather poorly directs them to the
external auditory canal.
Auditory Canal - Answer-Sound waves are funneled through the tube and are amplified
in the process. It has a natural acidity that protects against infection. Ear wax is
produced to keep the ear from drying out and to ward off insects.
, Plasmid - Answer-Small, circular piece of DNA. Located in the cytoplasm and contain
information for antibiotic resistance.
Ribosomes - Answer-Produce proteins
Cell Wall - Answer-Differ between Gram-Positive (no outer membrane, stains blue) and
Gram-Negative (stains red, contains a second membrane)
Plasma Membrane - Answer-Found in the envelope, protects the cell and controls what
goes in and out.
Capsule - Answer-Most outer layer of the cell, protects it from phagocytosis (white blood
cells)
Flagella - Answer-Responsible for movement
Pili - Answer-(Fimbriae) Hollow hair-like structures that extend from the cell and allow it
to attach to other cells
Endotoxins - Answer-Bacterial toxins, found in the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria.
They are released when the cell disintegrates.
Medical Intervention - Answer-Any measure whose purpose is to improve health or alter
the course of disease
Medical interventions help maintain health and homeostasis in the body.
Pathogen - Answer-A specific causative agent of disease
Outbreak - Answer-A sudden rise in the incidence of a disease
Patient Symptoms/Risk Factors Organizer - Answer-Chart detailing information about
patients' symptoms and any part of their lifestyle or background that may increase their
risk for certain diseases.
Primer - Answer-Complimentary DNA segment that allows the enzyme to bind to the
DNA for DNA replication.
Bioinformatics - Answer-The collection, classification, storage, and analysis of
biochemical and biological information using computers especially as applied in
molecular genetics and genomics.
Genome - Answer-An organisms genetic material
PCR Amplification - Answer-Melt: Highest temp, separates strands
Anneal: Lowest temp, primers attach
