HNF 150 HUMAN NUTRITION EXAM 3 QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS ELABORATIONS!!
Minerals
Answers:naturally occurring, inorganic, homogeneous substances; chemical
elements; majority of the minerals in the body are calcium and phosphorus
Major minerals
Answers:essential minerals required in amounts greater than 100mg per day for
adults; calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, magnesium
Trace minerals
Answers:essential minerals required in amounts less than 100mg per day for
adults; iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium
Most people don't get enough
Answers:potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron
Most people get too much
Answers:sodium
Water makes up ____% of an adult person's weight
Answers:60%
Why is water important?
Answers:Water brings to each cell the exact ingredients the cell requires and
carries away the end products of its life-sustaining reactions. The water of the body
,fluids is thus the transport vehicle for all the nutrients and wastes. Without water,
cells quickly die
Solvent
Answers:a substance that dissolves another and holds it in solution.
Water balance
Answers:the balance between water intake and excretion, which keep's the body's
water content constant
Diuretic
Answers:a compound, usually medicinal, that causes increased urinary water
excretion, ie. "a water pill"
On average, men need ___ cups of water, and women need ___ cups of water
Answers:13, 9
Metabolic water
Answers:water generated in the tissues during the chemical breakdown of the
energy-yielding nutrients in foods
Hard water
Answers:water with high calcium and magnesium concentrations
Soft water
Answers:water with a high sodium concentration
Salts
, Answers:compounds composed of charged particles (ions). An example is
potassium chloride (K+Cl−)
Ions
Answers:electrically charged particles, such as sodium (positively charged) or
chloride (negatively charged); anions are negatively charged ions, cations are
positively charged ions
Electrolytes
Answers:compounds that partly dissociate in water to form ions, such as the
potassium ion (K+) and the chloride ion (Cl−); electrically charged mineral salts
Acid-base balance
Answers:the body's pH, regulated by minerals
Calcium
Answers:stored in bones/teeth, important for bone structure, but also serves as a
bank within the bones, ready to release calcium to the blood if needed; when
deficient, the intestines increase absorption of calcium, the kidneys prevent
excretion of calcium, and the bones release more calcium into the blood, rickets,
osteoporosis; toxicity results in build-up in soft tissues and constipation, food
sources are small fish w/ bones, milk, tofu, yogurt, cheese
Osteoblast
Answers:builds bone
Osteoclast
ANSWERS ELABORATIONS!!
Minerals
Answers:naturally occurring, inorganic, homogeneous substances; chemical
elements; majority of the minerals in the body are calcium and phosphorus
Major minerals
Answers:essential minerals required in amounts greater than 100mg per day for
adults; calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chloride, magnesium
Trace minerals
Answers:essential minerals required in amounts less than 100mg per day for
adults; iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium
Most people don't get enough
Answers:potassium, calcium, magnesium, and iron
Most people get too much
Answers:sodium
Water makes up ____% of an adult person's weight
Answers:60%
Why is water important?
Answers:Water brings to each cell the exact ingredients the cell requires and
carries away the end products of its life-sustaining reactions. The water of the body
,fluids is thus the transport vehicle for all the nutrients and wastes. Without water,
cells quickly die
Solvent
Answers:a substance that dissolves another and holds it in solution.
Water balance
Answers:the balance between water intake and excretion, which keep's the body's
water content constant
Diuretic
Answers:a compound, usually medicinal, that causes increased urinary water
excretion, ie. "a water pill"
On average, men need ___ cups of water, and women need ___ cups of water
Answers:13, 9
Metabolic water
Answers:water generated in the tissues during the chemical breakdown of the
energy-yielding nutrients in foods
Hard water
Answers:water with high calcium and magnesium concentrations
Soft water
Answers:water with a high sodium concentration
Salts
, Answers:compounds composed of charged particles (ions). An example is
potassium chloride (K+Cl−)
Ions
Answers:electrically charged particles, such as sodium (positively charged) or
chloride (negatively charged); anions are negatively charged ions, cations are
positively charged ions
Electrolytes
Answers:compounds that partly dissociate in water to form ions, such as the
potassium ion (K+) and the chloride ion (Cl−); electrically charged mineral salts
Acid-base balance
Answers:the body's pH, regulated by minerals
Calcium
Answers:stored in bones/teeth, important for bone structure, but also serves as a
bank within the bones, ready to release calcium to the blood if needed; when
deficient, the intestines increase absorption of calcium, the kidneys prevent
excretion of calcium, and the bones release more calcium into the blood, rickets,
osteoporosis; toxicity results in build-up in soft tissues and constipation, food
sources are small fish w/ bones, milk, tofu, yogurt, cheese
Osteoblast
Answers:builds bone
Osteoclast
