NUR 3262 Exam 3 Study Guide With
Complete Solution
What is prediabetes? - ANSWER Impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting
glucose (or both)
What is type 1 diabetes? - ANSWER Destruction of the beta cells (no insulin
production)
*previously known as juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes
What is type 2 diabetes? - ANSWER Decrease insulin production and/or
decreases sensitivity of cells to insulin
*previously known as adult-onset diabetes (AODM) or
non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM)
What are some pre-diabetes lifestyle changes? - ANSWER -maintain a healthy
weight
-exercise regularly
-make healthy food choices (low sodium)
What is hypoglycemia? - ANSWER Condition where blood glucose level is
lower than normal (below 70mg/dL)
What are the dietary guidelines for diabetes? - ANSWER -avoid foods high in
sodium
-eat fruits and vegetables
-whole grains
,-healthy fats (nuts, avocados, flax seeds)
*ADA diet
How is insulin administered? - ANSWER -subcutaneous injection
-IV (regular insulin)
What are "sick day" rules? - ANSWER -check blood glucose frequently (every
2-4 hrs)
-illness raises blood glucose (require more insulin)
-always take long-acting basal insulin
-drink up (sugar for low blood glucose and water for high blood glucose)
What is the Somogyi effect? - ANSWER -characterized by hyperglycemia on
awakening
*high dose of insulin produces a decline in blood glucose levels at night
*release of counterregulatory hormones (glucagon, epi, growth hormone,
cortisol) causes rebound hyperglycemia
-check blood glucose between 2-4AM
-insulin dosage should be reduced or add a bedtime snack
What are the guidelines for foot care for diabetes? - ANSWER -wear proper
footwear (avoid going barefoot)
-daily inspection of the feet
, -avoid foot injury
-diligent wound care for foot ulcers-injury
What is the Dawn Phenomenon? - ANSWER -characterized by hyperglycemia
on awakening
*morning hyperglycemia present in the AM (most severe in adolescents and
young adults)
*may be due to growth hormones and cortisol in predawn hours
-check blood glucose between 2-4AM
-insulin dosage should be increased
What are the signs of diabetes? - ANSWER Absent/insufficient insulin and/or
poor utilization of available insulin
What are the symptoms of diabetes? - ANSWER -fatigue
-frequent infections
-slow healing wounds
-excessive thirst
-polyuria
-excessive hunger
-dry skin
Complete Solution
What is prediabetes? - ANSWER Impaired glucose tolerance, impaired fasting
glucose (or both)
What is type 1 diabetes? - ANSWER Destruction of the beta cells (no insulin
production)
*previously known as juvenile-onset or insulin-dependent diabetes
What is type 2 diabetes? - ANSWER Decrease insulin production and/or
decreases sensitivity of cells to insulin
*previously known as adult-onset diabetes (AODM) or
non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM)
What are some pre-diabetes lifestyle changes? - ANSWER -maintain a healthy
weight
-exercise regularly
-make healthy food choices (low sodium)
What is hypoglycemia? - ANSWER Condition where blood glucose level is
lower than normal (below 70mg/dL)
What are the dietary guidelines for diabetes? - ANSWER -avoid foods high in
sodium
-eat fruits and vegetables
-whole grains
,-healthy fats (nuts, avocados, flax seeds)
*ADA diet
How is insulin administered? - ANSWER -subcutaneous injection
-IV (regular insulin)
What are "sick day" rules? - ANSWER -check blood glucose frequently (every
2-4 hrs)
-illness raises blood glucose (require more insulin)
-always take long-acting basal insulin
-drink up (sugar for low blood glucose and water for high blood glucose)
What is the Somogyi effect? - ANSWER -characterized by hyperglycemia on
awakening
*high dose of insulin produces a decline in blood glucose levels at night
*release of counterregulatory hormones (glucagon, epi, growth hormone,
cortisol) causes rebound hyperglycemia
-check blood glucose between 2-4AM
-insulin dosage should be reduced or add a bedtime snack
What are the guidelines for foot care for diabetes? - ANSWER -wear proper
footwear (avoid going barefoot)
-daily inspection of the feet
, -avoid foot injury
-diligent wound care for foot ulcers-injury
What is the Dawn Phenomenon? - ANSWER -characterized by hyperglycemia
on awakening
*morning hyperglycemia present in the AM (most severe in adolescents and
young adults)
*may be due to growth hormones and cortisol in predawn hours
-check blood glucose between 2-4AM
-insulin dosage should be increased
What are the signs of diabetes? - ANSWER Absent/insufficient insulin and/or
poor utilization of available insulin
What are the symptoms of diabetes? - ANSWER -fatigue
-frequent infections
-slow healing wounds
-excessive thirst
-polyuria
-excessive hunger
-dry skin
