Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA with Complete Solutions
1. pituitary gland The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under
the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary Is MAS-
TER GLAND and regulates growth and controls other
endocrine glands. ACTH, TSH and ADH important in this
unit.
2. ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone- stimulates the action of
adrenal gland to secrete glucocorticoids like cortisol.
3. ADH antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) that works on Kidney
and smooth muscles. Part of RAAS. Causes vasoconstric-
tion and reabsorption of H2O
4. TSH thyroid stimulating hormone that acts on the thyroid gland.
Stimulates T3, T4, calcitonin and Thyroxine.
5. Diabetes In- Caused by hyposecretion of ADH which causes little to
sipidus no reabsorption of H2O. Results in polyuria, increased
thirst, high B osmolarity which results in general signs of
dehydration.
6. diabetes in- Two possible
sipidus etiology 1. Kidneys no longer respond to ADH
2. Brain no longer secretion or lessening of secretions
(maybe tumor or edema)
7. SIADH syndrome of inappropriate hyper antidiuretic hormone.
That causes excess retention of water resulting in BP
increase (increased stroke volume), generalized edema.
8. SIADH etiology 1. Drugs--> especially anesthetics
2. Trauma; brain tumor etc...
3. Neoplastic disease ; ectopic production of hormone
9. T3 and T4 func- metabolism
tion
10. Calcitonin func- Lowers blood calcium levels by triggering uptake in bones.
tion
1/9
, Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA with Complete Solutions
11. Hyperthyroidism excessive activity of the thyroid gland that can be due to
cancer autoimmune dz or overactive pituitary.
12. Hyperthyroidism Grave's dz
autoimmune
13. Hyperthyroidism T3, T4 and and TSH
labs
14. S/S of hyperthy- Same as hypermetabolism... agitated, exopthalmus, ner-
roidism vous, diarrhea, hot, ^HR, ^BP, thin, hyperactive etc.goiter
15. thyrotoxic crisis aka Thyroid storm- toxic condition characterized by hy-
perthermia, tachycardia, nervous symptoms, and rapid
metabolism.
16. Tx Hyperthyroid: Thyroidectomy, meds-radioactive iodine or thioamide (in-
hibits incorp of I into hormones)
17. Hypothyroidism low levels of thyroid hormone due to hypoactive thyroid
etiology gland from congenital defect, removal or destruction of
arts of the gland autoimmune, endemic iodine deficiency.
18. Hypothyroidism Hashimotos
autoimmune
19. Hypothyroidism Same as hypometabolism ie,
S/S tired,
sluggish
Cold intolerant
obese
decreased hr, p, rr
20. Hypothroidism low T3/T4
labs High TSH
21. Myxedema coma extreme hypothyroidism(abrupt med cessation), rare with
a high mortality rate = decreased cardiac output leads to
decreased tissue perfusion which leads to brain and organ
depletion leading to multi-organ failure
2/9
1. pituitary gland The endocrine system's most influential gland. Under
the influence of the hypothalamus, the pituitary Is MAS-
TER GLAND and regulates growth and controls other
endocrine glands. ACTH, TSH and ADH important in this
unit.
2. ACTH Adrenocorticotropic hormone- stimulates the action of
adrenal gland to secrete glucocorticoids like cortisol.
3. ADH antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin) that works on Kidney
and smooth muscles. Part of RAAS. Causes vasoconstric-
tion and reabsorption of H2O
4. TSH thyroid stimulating hormone that acts on the thyroid gland.
Stimulates T3, T4, calcitonin and Thyroxine.
5. Diabetes In- Caused by hyposecretion of ADH which causes little to
sipidus no reabsorption of H2O. Results in polyuria, increased
thirst, high B osmolarity which results in general signs of
dehydration.
6. diabetes in- Two possible
sipidus etiology 1. Kidneys no longer respond to ADH
2. Brain no longer secretion or lessening of secretions
(maybe tumor or edema)
7. SIADH syndrome of inappropriate hyper antidiuretic hormone.
That causes excess retention of water resulting in BP
increase (increased stroke volume), generalized edema.
8. SIADH etiology 1. Drugs--> especially anesthetics
2. Trauma; brain tumor etc...
3. Neoplastic disease ; ectopic production of hormone
9. T3 and T4 func- metabolism
tion
10. Calcitonin func- Lowers blood calcium levels by triggering uptake in bones.
tion
1/9
, Pathophysiology EXAM 4 UTA with Complete Solutions
11. Hyperthyroidism excessive activity of the thyroid gland that can be due to
cancer autoimmune dz or overactive pituitary.
12. Hyperthyroidism Grave's dz
autoimmune
13. Hyperthyroidism T3, T4 and and TSH
labs
14. S/S of hyperthy- Same as hypermetabolism... agitated, exopthalmus, ner-
roidism vous, diarrhea, hot, ^HR, ^BP, thin, hyperactive etc.goiter
15. thyrotoxic crisis aka Thyroid storm- toxic condition characterized by hy-
perthermia, tachycardia, nervous symptoms, and rapid
metabolism.
16. Tx Hyperthyroid: Thyroidectomy, meds-radioactive iodine or thioamide (in-
hibits incorp of I into hormones)
17. Hypothyroidism low levels of thyroid hormone due to hypoactive thyroid
etiology gland from congenital defect, removal or destruction of
arts of the gland autoimmune, endemic iodine deficiency.
18. Hypothyroidism Hashimotos
autoimmune
19. Hypothyroidism Same as hypometabolism ie,
S/S tired,
sluggish
Cold intolerant
obese
decreased hr, p, rr
20. Hypothroidism low T3/T4
labs High TSH
21. Myxedema coma extreme hypothyroidism(abrupt med cessation), rare with
a high mortality rate = decreased cardiac output leads to
decreased tissue perfusion which leads to brain and organ
depletion leading to multi-organ failure
2/9
