Hphy 371 Study Guide 2024

Work - product of force and the distance through which the force acts W=Force x Distance Measured in Neutonmeters or Joules Power - how much work is accomplished per unit of time P= W/T Measured in Watts Ergometry - Measurement of the work output Example: Bench step in which the participant steps up and down on a bench at a specified rate -Erogemter, treadmill, cycler Calorie - amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of water by one degree Celcius Direct calorimetry - a method of determining energy use that measures the amount of heat produced Indirect calorimetry - A method of measuring a body's energy use by measuring its oxygen uptake and then using formulas to convert that gas exchange into energy use Efficiency - capacity to convert energy expenditure into work -the ratio of work done to energy to put in to do the work What factors affect exercise efficiency - exercise work rate( decreases as work rate increases) - speed of movement -fiber composition of the muscles performing the exercise What is exercise? - anything beyond homeostasis What is exercise physiology - study of how the body's structures and functions are altered when exposed to acute and chronic bouts of exercise - the study of intense living and how we survive it Homeostasis - dynamic equilibrium maintained by organism and the enviornment in order to maintain biologically critical variables remaining constant Stressor - an environmental factor which displaces the body from equilbirum conditions Stress - passive bodily displacement specific to the stressor Response - tries to limit acute displacement related to changes Steady state - shift beyond homeostasis in which a new balance point is established