ICLA Standard 1 Practice Test

Phoneme - Answer is the basic unit of spoken language. It is a speech sound as it exists in the mind of the speaker A voiced speech sound made without stoppage or friction of the air flow as it passes through the vocal tract. - Answer Vowel A meaningful linguistic unit that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful elements, as the word book, or that is a component of a word, as s in books. - Answer Morpheme A development of association of print with meaning that begins early in a child's life and continues until the child reaches the stage of conventional reading and writing. Examines changes over time in how the child thinks about literacy and in the strategies the child uses. - Answer Emergent literacy A conventional writing system in a given language - Answer Orthography In a syllable, a sequence of two or more distinguishable consonant sounds before or after a vowel sound, as /skr/ and /mz/ in screams. The term refers only to sounds, not to letters representing sounds. - Answer Consonant blend The study of meaning in language, as the analysis of the meanings of words, phrases, sentences, discourse, and whole texts. - Answer Semantics Instruction that guides the student to formulate generalizations without direct instruction. - Answer Implicit instruction The identification of word-meaning elements, as re and read in reread, to help understand the meaning of a word as a whole. Commonly involves the identification of roots, affixes, compounds, hyphenated forms, inflected and derived endings, contractions, and, in some cases syllabication. Is sometimes used as an aid in pronunciation or in combination with phonic analysis. - Answer Structural analysis The ability to hear and manipulate the constituent sounds of words. - Answer Phonemic awareness Which of the word(s) have exactly five (5) phonemes? frost telephone bank bread