1. What is gastritis? What are causes? - inflammation of the stomach lining, pain in
LUQ, causes- irritation due to medication, alcohol, caffeine. Signs and symptoms
stomach pain, nausea, vomiting and bloating.
2. What is GERD? What are causes to this condition? What are complications of GERD
if left untreated?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease- backflow of gastric content into esophagus through
lower esophageal sphincter. – irritation or burning sensation, if not treated esophageal
cancer, change in shape.
3. Review signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease. What is the role of H. pylori in
this condition?
Signs and symptoms are- pain on empty stomach or 2-3 hours after eating when
food moves from stomach to large intestine where the ulcers are. H. Pylori thrives in
acidic conditions and breaks down the lining and causes the ulcers to bleed.
4. What is pseudomembranous colitis? What contributes to this condition? What are
ways that it can be treated?
Pseudomembranous colitis- inflammation and necrosis of large intestine. It is caused due
to exposure to antibiotics. Clostridium difficile contributes to this condition. Treatment-
stop long term antibiotics and treat other contributing condition. Other treatment
options are fecal transplant via enema or gastric tube, colectomy- removal of portion of
colon.
5. Review signs and symptoms of appendicitis. How do we assess for this condition?
Appendicitis- inflammation in the vermiform appendix. S/S- RLQ pain and
tenderness, nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea and systemic signs of inflammation
6. Review causes of bowel or intestinal obstructions. Know the difference between
functional bowel obstructions versus mechanical obstructions. Know examples of
each type-
Inability to move stool. Functional obs- somethings that stops the peristalsis
movement of the intestine- paralytic ileus. Causes of functional obs- certain
medications like anticholinergics- it activates the flight or fight and person can’t poop,
pee, spit or see.
Poop and pee due to digestive and genitourinary system is slowed down, and salivary
glands stop producing saliva and hence dry mouth and can’t see due to pupil dilation.
Opioids and low fiber diet also cause functional obs. Mechanical obs- adhesions,
hernia, tumor, impacted feces, volvulus and intussusception (something that blocks
, the intestinal track.
LUQ, causes- irritation due to medication, alcohol, caffeine. Signs and symptoms
stomach pain, nausea, vomiting and bloating.
2. What is GERD? What are causes to this condition? What are complications of GERD
if left untreated?
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease- backflow of gastric content into esophagus through
lower esophageal sphincter. – irritation or burning sensation, if not treated esophageal
cancer, change in shape.
3. Review signs and symptoms of peptic ulcer disease. What is the role of H. pylori in
this condition?
Signs and symptoms are- pain on empty stomach or 2-3 hours after eating when
food moves from stomach to large intestine where the ulcers are. H. Pylori thrives in
acidic conditions and breaks down the lining and causes the ulcers to bleed.
4. What is pseudomembranous colitis? What contributes to this condition? What are
ways that it can be treated?
Pseudomembranous colitis- inflammation and necrosis of large intestine. It is caused due
to exposure to antibiotics. Clostridium difficile contributes to this condition. Treatment-
stop long term antibiotics and treat other contributing condition. Other treatment
options are fecal transplant via enema or gastric tube, colectomy- removal of portion of
colon.
5. Review signs and symptoms of appendicitis. How do we assess for this condition?
Appendicitis- inflammation in the vermiform appendix. S/S- RLQ pain and
tenderness, nausea, vomiting, fever, diarrhea and systemic signs of inflammation
6. Review causes of bowel or intestinal obstructions. Know the difference between
functional bowel obstructions versus mechanical obstructions. Know examples of
each type-
Inability to move stool. Functional obs- somethings that stops the peristalsis
movement of the intestine- paralytic ileus. Causes of functional obs- certain
medications like anticholinergics- it activates the flight or fight and person can’t poop,
pee, spit or see.
Poop and pee due to digestive and genitourinary system is slowed down, and salivary
glands stop producing saliva and hence dry mouth and can’t see due to pupil dilation.
Opioids and low fiber diet also cause functional obs. Mechanical obs- adhesions,
hernia, tumor, impacted feces, volvulus and intussusception (something that blocks
, the intestinal track.
