NRS 325: Exam 3 Study Guide With Verified Solutions.

NRS 325: Exam 3 Study Guide With Verified Solutions. Perfusion - answerblood flow through the circulatory system for optimal cellular activity 2 attributes of perfusion - answer1. central perfusion 2. tissue/peripheral perfusion ischemia - answerinadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body infarction - answerobstruction of circulation followed by ischemic necrosis (death of tissue) anoxia - answerabsence of oxygen hypoxia - answerdeficiency in the amount of oxygen reaching the *tissues* hypoxemia - answerdeficient amount of oxygen in the *blood* hydrostatic pressure - answerPressure exerted by a volume of fluid against a wall, membrane, or some other structure that encloses the fluid - pushes electrolytes, fluid, oxygen, & nutrients towards the cells in the tissues oncotic/colloidal pressure - answerpulling pressure back into venous end, generated by plasma proteins (serum albumin) what plasma protein generates oncotic pressure? - answeralbumin scope of perfusion - answerexcessive, optimal, impaired, no perfusion (tissue death) What might happen if a patient has an ongoing perfusion impairment? - answerDevelop chronic illness excessive perfusion can lead to - answerhypertension and damage to vessel walls decreased perfusion can lead to - answerhypoxic cell injury and cell death from lack of oxygen and glucose central perfusion - answerforce of blood movement generated by cardiac output central perfusion requires adequate....? (3) - answercardiac function, blood pressure, and blood volume tissue/local perfusion - answerVolume of blood that flows to target tissue tissue/local perfusion requires...? (4) - answerpatent vessels, adequate hydrostatic pressure, oncotic/colloidal pressure, capillary permeability how to measure cardiac output (CO) - answerheart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV) average heart rate - answer70 bpm average stroke volume - answer70-80 ml/beat average cardiac output - answer5000 ml/min true or false: cardiac output varies widely with level of activity of body - answertrue When there is decreased CO, blood backs up into the _________. - answerlungs; (increases hydrostatic pressure, which increases fluid) preload - answervolume of blood in ventricles at end of diastole (diastolic end volume) afterload - answeramount of resistance left ventricular must overcome to eject and circulate blood Vasoconstriction of which structure can increase afterload? - answersystemic arteries Blood flow through the heart and body (19) - answer1. Vena cava 2. R atrium 3. R AV valve 4. R ventricle 5. Pulmonary SL valve 6. Pulmonary artery 7. Lungs 8. Pulmonary veins 9. L atrium 10. L AV valve 11. L ventricle 12. Aortic SL valve 13. Aorta 14. Arteries of organs 15. Arterioles of organs