NUR 168 Chapter 37 Test With Complete Solution

NUR 168 Chapter 37 Test With Comp lete Solut ion Effects of aging on urination - ANSWER - The diminished ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine may result in nocturia (urination during the night). - Decreased bladder muscle tone may reduce the capacity of the bladder to hold urine, resulting in increased frequency of urination. - Decreased bladder contractility may lead to urine retention and stasis, which increases the likelihood of UTI. - Neuromuscular problems, degenerative joint problems, alterations in thought processes, and weakness may interfere with voluntary control and the ability to reach a toilet in time. Medication effects on urination - ANSWER - Anticoagulants may cause hematuria (blood in the urine), leading to a pink or red color. - Diuretics can lighten the color of urine to pale yellow. - Phenazopyridine, a urinary tract analgesic, can cause orange or orange-red urine. - The antidepressant amitriptyline or B-complex vitamins can turn urine green or blue-green. - Levodopa (L-dopa), an antiparkinson drug, and injectable iron compounds can lead to brown or black urine. Anuria - ANSWER 24-hour urine output is less than 50 mL Dysuria - ANSWER Painful or difficult urination Frequency - ANSWER Increased incidence of voiding Glycosuria - ANSWER Presence of glucose in the urine Nocturia - ANSWER Awakening at night to urinate Oliguria - ANSWER 24-hour urine output is less than 400 mL Polyuria - ANSWER Excessive output of urine (diuresis) Proteinuria - ANSWER Protein in the urine Pyuria - ANSWER Pus in the urine Urgency - ANSWER Strong desire to void Urinary incontinence - ANSWER Involuntary loss of urine Focused Assessment Guide - Factors to assess - ANSWER - Usual patterns of urinary elimination - Recent changes in urinary elimination - Aids to elimination - Present or past occurrence of voiding difficulties (nature of problem, onset, frequency, causes, severity, symptoms, intervention attempted, results) - Presence of urinary diversion (normal routine, history of problems) A comprehensive nursing assessment of the functioning of a patient's urinary system includes the following: - ANSWER - Collection of data about the patient's voiding patterns, habits, and difficulties and a history of current o r