Altered Immunity
what is hypersensitivity - ANS-an excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune response
type 1 hypersensitivity - ANS-IgE mediated allergic reaction
-ex: anaphylaxis or systemic reactions
type 2 hypersensitivity - ANS-IgG or IgM cytotoxic mediated
-ex: hemolytic anemia
type 3 hypersensitivity - ANS-immune complex mediated
-ex: serum sickness or SLE
type 4 hypersensitivity - ANS-T cell mediated
-ex: rash, SJS, TB test
when is histamine released - ANS-when mast cells degranulate
what happens in type 2 hypersensitivity - ANS-IgG or IgM binds on antigens on cell surfaces of
RBCs/WBCs or tissues
what happens in type 3 hypersensitivity - ANS-antigen-antibody immune complexes are
deposited onto walls of blood vessels and damage blood vessels
what happens in type 4 hypersensitivity - ANS-sensitized T cells attack antigen; usually a
contact thing
autoimmunity - ANS-your body recognize's self-antigens as foreign; 'self vs. self'
*self antigens are not usually seen by your own immune system*
what is alloimmunity - ANS-Immune reaction to tissues of another individual
examples of alloimmunity - ANS-transplant rejections or blood transfusion reactions
Problem with alloimmunity and Rh factor - ANS-Rh - mom is pregnant with Rh+ baby. She has
no antibodies against Rh+, so they will get created during this pregnancy. This affects future
pregnancies where a baby could be Rh+, and the mom will have antibodies that attack the baby
and the baby will be born with Rh disease
what is hyperacute transplant rejection - ANS--immediate and rare
-transplant recipient already had antibodies against antigens on incoming organ
, -graft stays white and does not turn pink
what is acute transplant rejection - ANS--happens in recovery in hospital (up to 5mo after)
-cell-mediated immune response against unmatched HLA antigens
-immune system starts making antibodies
what is chronic transplant rejection - ANS--months to years
-result of a weak cell-mediated reaction against minor HLA antigens
what is graft vs host disease - ANS--transplant rejects your body
-the graft sees your cells as foreign (your host tissues have antigens that are foreign to donor
tissue)
what is an autoimmune disease - ANS-the immune system attacks self-antigens and destroys
body tissues; hyperactive immune system
what is a characteristic of all autoimmune diseases - ANS-inflammation
what do you take for autoimmune diseases - ANS-immunosuppressants
what is the problem with immunosuppressants - ANS--no longer attacking self
-immune system is shut down
-more susceptible to many other infections
how is HIV transmitted - ANS--sexual contact
-breast milk
-blood to blood contact
can you be HIV+ and not have AIDS - ANS-yes
What does reverse transcriptase do? - ANS-it takes RNA and replicates it backwards to create
DNA
what are the 4 things you only need 1 of to be diagnosed with AIDS? - ANS--CD4 count below
200
-have an opportunistic infection (fungal, bacterial, viral, protozoal)
-have cancer
-have wasting syndrome
what is HAART - ANS-highly active antiretroviral therapy
how many medications does HAART involve - ANS-at least 3
*2 of them will be reverse transcriptase inhibitors*
what is hypersensitivity - ANS-an excessive or inappropriate activation of the immune response
type 1 hypersensitivity - ANS-IgE mediated allergic reaction
-ex: anaphylaxis or systemic reactions
type 2 hypersensitivity - ANS-IgG or IgM cytotoxic mediated
-ex: hemolytic anemia
type 3 hypersensitivity - ANS-immune complex mediated
-ex: serum sickness or SLE
type 4 hypersensitivity - ANS-T cell mediated
-ex: rash, SJS, TB test
when is histamine released - ANS-when mast cells degranulate
what happens in type 2 hypersensitivity - ANS-IgG or IgM binds on antigens on cell surfaces of
RBCs/WBCs or tissues
what happens in type 3 hypersensitivity - ANS-antigen-antibody immune complexes are
deposited onto walls of blood vessels and damage blood vessels
what happens in type 4 hypersensitivity - ANS-sensitized T cells attack antigen; usually a
contact thing
autoimmunity - ANS-your body recognize's self-antigens as foreign; 'self vs. self'
*self antigens are not usually seen by your own immune system*
what is alloimmunity - ANS-Immune reaction to tissues of another individual
examples of alloimmunity - ANS-transplant rejections or blood transfusion reactions
Problem with alloimmunity and Rh factor - ANS-Rh - mom is pregnant with Rh+ baby. She has
no antibodies against Rh+, so they will get created during this pregnancy. This affects future
pregnancies where a baby could be Rh+, and the mom will have antibodies that attack the baby
and the baby will be born with Rh disease
what is hyperacute transplant rejection - ANS--immediate and rare
-transplant recipient already had antibodies against antigens on incoming organ
, -graft stays white and does not turn pink
what is acute transplant rejection - ANS--happens in recovery in hospital (up to 5mo after)
-cell-mediated immune response against unmatched HLA antigens
-immune system starts making antibodies
what is chronic transplant rejection - ANS--months to years
-result of a weak cell-mediated reaction against minor HLA antigens
what is graft vs host disease - ANS--transplant rejects your body
-the graft sees your cells as foreign (your host tissues have antigens that are foreign to donor
tissue)
what is an autoimmune disease - ANS-the immune system attacks self-antigens and destroys
body tissues; hyperactive immune system
what is a characteristic of all autoimmune diseases - ANS-inflammation
what do you take for autoimmune diseases - ANS-immunosuppressants
what is the problem with immunosuppressants - ANS--no longer attacking self
-immune system is shut down
-more susceptible to many other infections
how is HIV transmitted - ANS--sexual contact
-breast milk
-blood to blood contact
can you be HIV+ and not have AIDS - ANS-yes
What does reverse transcriptase do? - ANS-it takes RNA and replicates it backwards to create
DNA
what are the 4 things you only need 1 of to be diagnosed with AIDS? - ANS--CD4 count below
200
-have an opportunistic infection (fungal, bacterial, viral, protozoal)
-have cancer
-have wasting syndrome
what is HAART - ANS-highly active antiretroviral therapy
how many medications does HAART involve - ANS-at least 3
*2 of them will be reverse transcriptase inhibitors*
