PHARMACOLOGY HESI RN WITH QUESTIONS AND CORRECT ANSWER GRADED A 2024/2025

Phenobarbital (Luminal) - ANSWER-Anticonvulsant/Hypnotic; tonic-clonic and partial seizures; the longest acting of common barbiturates; combined with other drugs; adverse reactions: drowsiness, nystagmus, ataxia, paradoxical excitement; therapeutic levels: 15-60mcg/ml; avoid rapid infusion, monitor BP Keppra (levetiracetam) - ANSWER-Anticonvulsant, kid friendly Phenytoin (Dilantin) - ANSWER-Anticonvulsant. SEs: Nysagmus, diplopia, EOM palsies, ataxia, gingival hyperplasia. Gabapentin (Neurontin) - ANSWER-An anticonvulsant used to treat neuropathic pain, with super high doses good for anxiety, the patient will be drowsy, given with other anticonvulsant drugs Pregabalin (Lyrica) - ANSWER-used to treat neuropathic pain Loratidine (Claritin), Cetrizine (Zyrtec) - ANSWER-antihistamines, tx for allergies Benzonatate (Tessalon Perles), Codeine, dextromethorphan - ANSWER-antitussives helps to reduce cough Guaifenesin (Mucinex) - ANSWER-Category: Expectorant, Use: Productive and nonproductive cough, Precautions: Increase fluids if possible Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) - ANSWER-decongestant (alpha-1 adrenergic agonist) Oxymetazoline (Afrin) - ANSWER-nasal decongestant; may cause rebound congestion if used for more than 3-5 days Warfarin (Coumadin) - ANSWER-Anticoagulant that thins the blood, need to check INR/PT blood values, antidote is vitamin k, if showing signs of bleeding check your INR, limit leafy green vegetables Metronidazole (Flagyl) - ANSWER-Antiprotozoal. Use: trichomoniasis and giardiasis. Clostridium difficile, amebic dysentery, PID, vaginosis. Precautions: take with food, do not consume alcohol during therapy or 48 hr after completion of regimen. Violent vomiting from patient means they drank while taking. Finasteride (Proscar) and Tamsulosin (Flomax) - ANSWER-Prostate Anti-inflammatory, treats BPH calcium carbonate (Tums) and famotidine (Pepcid) - ANSWER-antacid, treatment is effective if heartburn is relieved, if taken with heart medications or Synthroid it will reduce the effectiveness of the drugs, decreases absorption of the medication Amiodarone (Cordarone) - ANSWER-Antidysrhythmic agent. Prolongs repolarization, relaxes smooth muscles, decreases vascular resistance. For ventricular fibrillation and unstable ventricular tachycardia. Incompatible with heparin, may be given in PO maintenance dose, monitor for respiratory complications. Norepinephrine (Levophed) - ANSWER-*class*: vasopressor *Indication*: treatment of severe hypotension and shock *Action*: increase blood pressure and cardiac output by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the blood vessels, demonstrates minor beta activity *Nursing Considerations*: - monitor BP continuously if possible or every couple of minutes - double check all concentrations with additional nurse - may result in rebound hypotension due to tissue ischemia when discontinued - monitor EKG and CVP if possible - if patient is awake instruct them to report headaches, dizziness, or chest pain Glargine (Lantus) - ANSWER-Long-acting insulin Onset 1 hour Peak (minimal) Duration up to 24 hours, check blood sugar before giving any insulin, do not mix Lantas with any other insulin Methadone - ANSWER-pain management, heroine patients that need to be transitioned into sobriety