Exam (elaborations) Micro 260 LCC

"flesh-eating" bacteria- etiologic agent of necrotizing faciitis - ANSbeta hemolytic Gr A strep (strep pyogenes) 2 enzymes that help a pathogen spread in tissue - ANSkinase, hyalurinidase, collagenase, neuraminidase 2 mechanisms whereby bacteria can be resistant to antibiotics - ANSenzyme that inactivates antibiotic, alteration of antibiotic binding site, metabolic bypass of inhibited reactions, reduce uptake, efflux pumps remove abx 2 virulence factors for beta hemolytic Gr A strep (strep pyogenes) - ANSHemolysins, hyaluronidase streptokinase, M protein, capsule 2 virulence factors for Staph aureus - ANSCoagulase, TSS toxin 1, enterotoxin a "pseudomembrane" in the throat is a classic sign of infection with this organism - ANSCorynebacterium ditheriae A microbe-host association in which the microbe benefits but the host is unaffected is - ANScommensal a type of vaccine that contains live organisms - ANSAttenuated vaccine adaptive immunity - ANS-specific recognition of pathogen -memory Advantage and disadvantage of attenuated vaccines - ANSadvantage- most effective at inducing life long immunity disadvantage- can cause disease in immunocompromised patients, or can revert to virulent form Advantage and disadvantage of inactivated vaccines. - ANSadvantage- safe, cannot cause disease. disadvantage- weaker immune response, requires boosters agglutination - ANSthey clump particles together so phagocytosis can occur more efficiently airborne - ANScarried by dust or droplets suspending in the air An acid- fast organism with a waxy cell wall that enables it to survive inside phagoctes. Still a leading infectious disease worldwide - ANSMycobacterium tuberculosis An example of a fomite would be - ANSa contaminated bedpan a drinking glass used by patient bandages from an infected wound cutting board. An example of naturally acquired active immunity - ANSactually having had the disease An example of vehicle transmission - ANSWaterborne, foodborne, or airborne an inactivated toxin used in vaccines - ANStoxoid