Chromosomes
How are chromosomes counted? - ANS-By the number of centromeres (not chromatids!)
If an x and a y chromosome are paired, what will the sex of the organism be? - ANS-Male
If two x chromosomes are paired, what will the sex of the organism be? - ANS-Female
What are autosomes? - ANS-Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
What are chromosomes made up of? - ANS-Tightly wound DNA and proteins
What are genes? - ANS-Specific segments of a DNA strand/chromosome that code for a trait in
the organism
What are x and y chromosomes? - ANS-The two chromosomes that determine the sex of an
organism
What does diploid mean? (2n) - ANS-It means that a daughter cell has all of the chromosomes
that the parent cell had
What does haploid mean? (n) - ANS-It means that a daughter cell only has half the number of
chromosomes that the parent cell had
What is a centromere? - ANS-The center of a chromosome that holds two chromatids together,
also where spindle fibers are attached during division
What is a chromatid? - ANS-Half of an x-shaped chromosome. One chromatid is replicated to
make an x-shaped chromosome
What is a chromosome? (two answers) - ANS-One chromatid, combined with a centromere
(called a single-stranded chromosome). It can also be two sister chromatids, held together by a
centromere (x shape- called a double-stranded chromosome).
What is a karyotype? - ANS-A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell
What is a kinetochore? - ANS-The specific proteins on the centromere where spindle fibers
attach, during mitosis/meiosis
How are chromosomes counted? - ANS-By the number of centromeres (not chromatids!)
If an x and a y chromosome are paired, what will the sex of the organism be? - ANS-Male
If two x chromosomes are paired, what will the sex of the organism be? - ANS-Female
What are autosomes? - ANS-Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome
What are chromosomes made up of? - ANS-Tightly wound DNA and proteins
What are genes? - ANS-Specific segments of a DNA strand/chromosome that code for a trait in
the organism
What are x and y chromosomes? - ANS-The two chromosomes that determine the sex of an
organism
What does diploid mean? (2n) - ANS-It means that a daughter cell has all of the chromosomes
that the parent cell had
What does haploid mean? (n) - ANS-It means that a daughter cell only has half the number of
chromosomes that the parent cell had
What is a centromere? - ANS-The center of a chromosome that holds two chromatids together,
also where spindle fibers are attached during division
What is a chromatid? - ANS-Half of an x-shaped chromosome. One chromatid is replicated to
make an x-shaped chromosome
What is a chromosome? (two answers) - ANS-One chromatid, combined with a centromere
(called a single-stranded chromosome). It can also be two sister chromatids, held together by a
centromere (x shape- called a double-stranded chromosome).
What is a karyotype? - ANS-A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell
What is a kinetochore? - ANS-The specific proteins on the centromere where spindle fibers
attach, during mitosis/meiosis
