Test 1-BIO 210 Verified Solutions
**Anatomy** ✔️The study of structure (location and appearance).
**Physiology** ✔️The study of function at various levels (construction and operation).
**Subdivisions of Anatomy** ✔️Gross, Macroscopic, Microscopic, Developmental.
**Principle of Complementarity** ✔️Anatomy and Physiology are interconnected; function always
reflects structure, and what a structure can do depends on its form.
**Levels of Structural Organization (from smallest to largest)** ✔️Chemical (atoms and molecules),
Cellular (cells and organelles), Tissue (groups of similar cells), Organ (two or more tissue types), Organ
System (organs working together), Organismal (all organ systems forming the entity).
**11 Major Organ Systems** ✔️Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine,
Lymphatic/Immune, Digestive, Reproductive, Urinary, Cardiovascular, Respiratory.
**Necessary Life Functions (8 total)** ✔️Maintaining boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness,
Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction (increasing in number), Growth (increasing in size).
,**Survival Needs (5 total)** ✔️Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal body temperature, Appropriate
atmospheric pressure.
**Homeostasis** ✔️The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite continuous
external changes (a dynamic state of equilibrium).
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms ✔️Negative Feedback (regulating body tempand regulating of bld
volume in ADH) & Positive Feedback(INHANCEMENT OF LABOR CONTRACTIONS OR BLOOD CLOTTING
(*once positive feedback achieves what it needs, negative feedback stops it*) nervous and endocrine
systems
Components of a Control Mechanism ✔️Receptor (sensor)
Control Center (determines set point at which variable is maintained)
Effector (response act to reduce or enhance the stimulus/feedback)
Chemical reactions ✔️chemical bonds are formed rearranged or broken
States of Matter ✔️SOLID (definite shape and volume)
LIQUID (definite volume, changeable shape)
, GAS (changeable volume and shape)
Kinetic Energy ✔️anything in motion or in the process of being used
Potential Energy ✔️stored or inactive energy (turns into kinetic once put into motion)
Principle forms of energy (can transition through all) ✔️-Chemical energy
-Electrical energy
-Mechanical energy
-Radiant/electromagnetic energy
Atoms ✔️smallest form of matter (unique building blocks for each element)
Major Elements of the Human Body and all living creatures ✔️Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
**Anatomy** ✔️The study of structure (location and appearance).
**Physiology** ✔️The study of function at various levels (construction and operation).
**Subdivisions of Anatomy** ✔️Gross, Macroscopic, Microscopic, Developmental.
**Principle of Complementarity** ✔️Anatomy and Physiology are interconnected; function always
reflects structure, and what a structure can do depends on its form.
**Levels of Structural Organization (from smallest to largest)** ✔️Chemical (atoms and molecules),
Cellular (cells and organelles), Tissue (groups of similar cells), Organ (two or more tissue types), Organ
System (organs working together), Organismal (all organ systems forming the entity).
**11 Major Organ Systems** ✔️Integumentary, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine,
Lymphatic/Immune, Digestive, Reproductive, Urinary, Cardiovascular, Respiratory.
**Necessary Life Functions (8 total)** ✔️Maintaining boundaries, Movement, Responsiveness,
Digestion, Metabolism, Excretion, Reproduction (increasing in number), Growth (increasing in size).
,**Survival Needs (5 total)** ✔️Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Normal body temperature, Appropriate
atmospheric pressure.
**Homeostasis** ✔️The maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite continuous
external changes (a dynamic state of equilibrium).
Homeostatic Control Mechanisms ✔️Negative Feedback (regulating body tempand regulating of bld
volume in ADH) & Positive Feedback(INHANCEMENT OF LABOR CONTRACTIONS OR BLOOD CLOTTING
(*once positive feedback achieves what it needs, negative feedback stops it*) nervous and endocrine
systems
Components of a Control Mechanism ✔️Receptor (sensor)
Control Center (determines set point at which variable is maintained)
Effector (response act to reduce or enhance the stimulus/feedback)
Chemical reactions ✔️chemical bonds are formed rearranged or broken
States of Matter ✔️SOLID (definite shape and volume)
LIQUID (definite volume, changeable shape)
, GAS (changeable volume and shape)
Kinetic Energy ✔️anything in motion or in the process of being used
Potential Energy ✔️stored or inactive energy (turns into kinetic once put into motion)
Principle forms of energy (can transition through all) ✔️-Chemical energy
-Electrical energy
-Mechanical energy
-Radiant/electromagnetic energy
Atoms ✔️smallest form of matter (unique building blocks for each element)
Major Elements of the Human Body and all living creatures ✔️Carbon
Hydrogen
Oxygen
Nitrogen
