Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide. Elaborated Question & Answer. Updated For Exams.

Anatomy & Physiology Study Guide . Elaborated Question & Answer. Updated For Exams. Anatomy - Correct Answer-the study of human body structure that can be seen with the naked eye and how the body parts are organized and the science of the structure of organisms or their parts. Physiology - Correct Answer-study of the functions or activities performed by the body's structures. Histology - Correct Answer-also known as microscopic anatomy: the study of the structure and composition of tissue. The study of anatomy, physiology, and histology is important to the esthetician because: - Correct Answer-estheticians need to understand how the human body functions as a whole, to get a scientific basis on the proper application of products/services and the effects the services will have on the tissues, organs, and body systems. The basic structure of the cell unit: - Correct Answer-protoplasm, nucleus, organelle, nucleoplasm, dna, cytoplasm, and the cell membrane. Cell metabolism: - Correct Answer-a chemical process that takes place in living organisms. Through metabolism, cells are nourished and carry out their activities. The two phases of metabolism are catabolism and anabolism. They are carried out simultaneously and continually within the cells. Four types of tissue found in the human body: - Correct Answer-connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscle tissue, nerve tissue. (adipose tissue a.k.a fatty tissue). What are organs? - Correct Answer-structures composed of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions in plants and animals. I.e the kidneys, liver and the skin. The most important organs in the body: - Correct Answer-brain, eyes, heart, kidneys, lungs, liver, skin, stomach, intestines. Eleven main body systems: - Correct Answer-skeletal, muscular, nervous, circulatory, lymphatic/immune, edocrine, digestive, excretory, respiratory, integumentary (skin), reproductive. Primary functions of the skeletal system: - Correct Answer-forms the physical foundation of the body, allows for body movement, produces blood for the body, stores minerals such as calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate. Three types of muscle tissue found in the body: - Correct Answer-striated muscles, nonstriated muscles, cardiac muscle. Two types of nerves found in the body: - Correct Answer-sensory nerves (a.k.a afferent nerves) & motor nerves (a.k.a efferent nerves) The primary functions of the lymphatic system are: - Correct Answer-to act as a defense against invading bacteria and toxins, to remove waste material from the body cells to the blood, to aid in reducing swelling, inflammation, and accumulations in the blood vessels. Two types of glands in the endocrine systems: - Correct Answer-exocrine glands (a.k.a duct glands) & endocrine glands (a.k.a ductless glands) Organs of then the excretory system: - Correct Answer-kidneys, liver, skin, large intestine, the lungs. Abductors - Correct Answer-muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, away from the midline of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, abductors seperate the finger. Absorption - Correct Answer-the transport of fully digested food into the circulatory system to feed the tissues and cells. Adductors - Correct Answer-muscles that draw a body part, such as a finger, arm, or toe, inward toward the median axis of the body or of an extremity. In the hand, adductors draw the fingers together. Adipose tissue - Correct Answer-a specialized connective tissue considered fat, which gives smoothness and contour to the body and cushions and insulates the body. Adrenal glands - Correct Answer-glands that secrete about 30 steroid hormones and control metabolic processes of the body including the fight or flight response. Anabolism - Correct Answer-constructive metabolism, the process of building up larger molecules from smaller ones. During this process the body stores water, food and oxygen for the time when these substances will be needed cell growth and repair. Angular artery - Correct Answer-artery that supplies blood to the side of the nose. Anterior auricular artery - Correct Answer-artery that supplies blood to the front part of the ear. Aorta - Correct Answer-the body's largest artery. The arterial trunk that carries blood from the