MATH 110 -Statistics (Ch 1)Marking
Scheme
Data - ANS-collections of observations
ex. measurements, genders, survey responses, etc
Statistics - ANS-The science of planning studies & experiments, obtaining data then
organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, & drawing conclusions
based on that data.
Making inferences/generalizations about a population
Population - ANS-complete collection of all individuals to be studied
ex. measurements, scores, people
Census - ANS-collection of data from every member of the population, collecting data
from all individuals
Sample - ANS-a subcollection of members selected from a population data
mush be collected through random selection, must be representative of the
population
Main idea of statistics: - ANS-concept of data, source of data, sampling method,
drawing conclusions, coming up w practical implications. Learning to make sense of the
data provided
context - ANS-a description of what the values represent, there they came from & why
they were collected. It is specific descriptions for the data provided
Always consider the context of data, ... - ANS-it affects the statistical analysis that
should be used
Some sources of data are.. - ANS-objective or biased & is not always reliable
The sampling method you choose can greatly influence.. - ANS-the validity of your
conclusions
, Samples may have.. - ANS-bias & are not always valid
voluntary response sample (aka self-selected sample) - ANS-where respondents decide
whether or not to be included in the survey/sample
ex. internet surveys, surveys by mail, surveys by phone
practical implications - ANS-drawing a sensible conclusion from your results
statistical significance: - ANS-statistically there's a difference, the thing is you may have
insignificant results
Practical significance.. - ANS-focuses more on practicality & common sense, something
more realistic
statistical thinking - ANS-the ability to see the big picture & consider relevant factors
such as context, source of data & sampling to method to form conclusions & identify
practical implications. Involved critical thinking & the ability to make sense of results
Parameter (type of data) - ANS-a numerical measurement describing some
characteristic of a population
Statistic (type of data) - ANS-a numerical measurement describing some characteristic
of a sample
Quantitative data - ANS-numerical data, based on #'s, representing counts or
measurements
ex. dollars, hours, feet, meters, minutes, seconds
Categorical/Qualitative data - ANS-data that is not numerical & represents counts or
measures
ex. data consisting of names, attributes, etc
Quantitative data types: - ANS-discrete data & continuous data
discrete data - ANS-numerical data where the # of possible values is a finite/"countable"
#, whole #'s
ex. 1,2,3,4,5,...
continuous data - ANS-numerical data where the # of possible values is an
Scheme
Data - ANS-collections of observations
ex. measurements, genders, survey responses, etc
Statistics - ANS-The science of planning studies & experiments, obtaining data then
organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, & drawing conclusions
based on that data.
Making inferences/generalizations about a population
Population - ANS-complete collection of all individuals to be studied
ex. measurements, scores, people
Census - ANS-collection of data from every member of the population, collecting data
from all individuals
Sample - ANS-a subcollection of members selected from a population data
mush be collected through random selection, must be representative of the
population
Main idea of statistics: - ANS-concept of data, source of data, sampling method,
drawing conclusions, coming up w practical implications. Learning to make sense of the
data provided
context - ANS-a description of what the values represent, there they came from & why
they were collected. It is specific descriptions for the data provided
Always consider the context of data, ... - ANS-it affects the statistical analysis that
should be used
Some sources of data are.. - ANS-objective or biased & is not always reliable
The sampling method you choose can greatly influence.. - ANS-the validity of your
conclusions
, Samples may have.. - ANS-bias & are not always valid
voluntary response sample (aka self-selected sample) - ANS-where respondents decide
whether or not to be included in the survey/sample
ex. internet surveys, surveys by mail, surveys by phone
practical implications - ANS-drawing a sensible conclusion from your results
statistical significance: - ANS-statistically there's a difference, the thing is you may have
insignificant results
Practical significance.. - ANS-focuses more on practicality & common sense, something
more realistic
statistical thinking - ANS-the ability to see the big picture & consider relevant factors
such as context, source of data & sampling to method to form conclusions & identify
practical implications. Involved critical thinking & the ability to make sense of results
Parameter (type of data) - ANS-a numerical measurement describing some
characteristic of a population
Statistic (type of data) - ANS-a numerical measurement describing some characteristic
of a sample
Quantitative data - ANS-numerical data, based on #'s, representing counts or
measurements
ex. dollars, hours, feet, meters, minutes, seconds
Categorical/Qualitative data - ANS-data that is not numerical & represents counts or
measures
ex. data consisting of names, attributes, etc
Quantitative data types: - ANS-discrete data & continuous data
discrete data - ANS-numerical data where the # of possible values is a finite/"countable"
#, whole #'s
ex. 1,2,3,4,5,...
continuous data - ANS-numerical data where the # of possible values is an
