D265 Critical Thinking Study Latest Update

_______ can become issues when we want to engage in good reasoning, fair-mindedness, or intellectual virtue. - ANSWER-Heuristics "Children are a headache. Aspirin will make headaches go away. Therefore, aspirin will make children go away." - ANSWER-The Fallacy of Equivocation "If you don't believe this, then I'm going to hurt you" - ANSWER-Appeal to Force Fallacy A Red Herring - ANSWER-A distraction. When someone intentionally or unintentionally changes the subject entirely when an arguer doesn't want to answer a question. This distraction is not used as an answer, but just as a different subject entirely. A report concludes that people who drive red cars get more speeding tickets than people who drive other color cars. Based on this report, an individual concludes that red cars encourage people to drive fast. Which bias does this conclusion illustrate? - ANSWER-Selection bias A true random sample - ANSWER-The way individuals were put into the sample was done using random methods that were not biased in favor of any particular subgroup. A true representative sample - ANSWER-Individuals in the sample are varied enough to give a good idea of all beliefs and ideas. A young person is wearing a tie-dyed shirt and driving a Volkswagen (VW) bus. Based on this, another individual concludes that this person has liberal political views. Which bias does this reasoning reflect? - ANSWER-Representative Bias Affirming the Consequent basic structure - ANSWER-P1. If X, then Y P2. Y C: Therefore, X Commits Formal Fallacy