HIEU 466 Final Questions with Accurate Answers

HIEU 466 Final Questions with Accurate Answers Edict of Worms 1521 This council was summoned by Charles V, condemned Luther's beliefs, and forbade Luther from preaching and declared him a heretic. Charles V Habsburg He was the Holy Roman Emperor during the Reformation. He tried and failed to stop Luther. Philip of Hesse A champion of the Reformation and formed the Schmalkaldic League. He sought to unite Swiss and German Protestants and invited Luther and Zwingli to meet in Castle Marburg; neither side agreed because of the Eucharist issue. Second Diet of Speyer (1529) Reinforced Diet of Worms and rejected the First Diet of Speyer (1526). No more reformation until the next council the following year Augsburg Confession First Protestant confession of faith, and the definitive statement of Lutheran belief made in 1530 Schmalkaldic Wars Religious wars in 1540s between Charles V and the Protestant German princes and their Lutheran forces Peace of Augsburg (1555) Document in which Charles V recognized Lutheranism as a legal religion in the Holy Roman Empire. The faith of the prince determined the religion of his subjects. Cuius region, eius religio "Whose region, his religion": the formula for deciding religious boundaries after the Reformation Institutes of the Christian Religion (1536) Calvin's definitive theological statement of the Protestant Faith. The overarching theme of the work is God's total sovereignty, particularly regarding salvation. Huguenots French Protestants influenced by John Calvin Henry IV - Bourbon Dynasty (Henri le Grand) Former Protestant. 1st Bourbon; Edict of Nantes; "Paris is worth a mass" St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre 1572. This massacre marked a turning point in the French Wars of Religion. The Huguenot movement was crippled by the loss of many of its prominent leaders.Those who remained were increasingly radicalized. William of Orange (the Silent) Protestant, Calvinist nobleman became a leader of the Dutch Revolt against Spain in the 1560s. He led the Dutch to a number of victories against the Spanish before he was assassinated in 1584 Marguerite, Queen of Navarre Marguerite was the ancestress of the Bourbon kings of France as she was grandmother of Henry IV of France, the first Bourbon king. As an author and a patron of humanists and reformers, she was an outstanding figure of the French Renaissance and Reformation. Synod of Dort () Council of Dutch Reformers in response to Arminianism. Rejected Arminianism United Provinces of the Netherlands Formed in 1581, this Dutch Republic received aid from Elizabeth I. Its creation was a major blow to Philip's goal of maintaining Catholicism throughout his empire. William Tyndale Oxford professor who produced the first printed version of the English New Testament and was later martyred. Thomas Cromwell Following Cardinal Wolsey's dismissal, he became Henry VIII's principle secretary and advised annulment of marriage. He slowly pushed England towards schism from the Catholic Church and made England increasingly Protestant. Catherine of Aragon 1st wife of Henry VIII. Mother of Mary I. Henry's desire for a divorce from her precipitated England's break with Rome. Thomas Cranmer First archbishop of the Church of England, wrote The Book of Common Prayer Elizabeth I (Virgin Queen) The final Tudor monarch. She balanced Protestantism and Catholicism. She kept Catholic rituals and church hierarchy for the Catholics. For Protestants, she restored the Book of Common Prayer and they took out latin and put in English. John of the Cross Follower of Teresa of Avila, the cofounder of the Discalced Carmelites, a reform branch of the Carmelite order, and a Spanish mystic. His writings include the Ascent of Mount Carmel and the Dark Night of the Soul. Teresa of Avila () Spanish Carmelite nun and one of the principal saints of the Roman Catholic Church and reformer of the Carmelite order. Her fervor for the Catholic Church inspired many during the Reformation period. Peter Martyr Vermigli 1562. Italian reformer who was invited to become Regius Professor of Divinity at the University of Oxford. Reformed theologian who helped Anglican and Reformed churches. Council of Trent () 1. Reformed Catholic Church discipline and reaffirmed church doctrine 2. Preserved the papacy as the center of Christianity 3. Confirmed all seven existing sacraments 4. Reaffirmed Latin as the language of worship 5. Forbade clerical marriage James I of England First Stuart Monarch. Believed in the Divine right of kings and was an absolutist. He abandoned the parliament, and alienated the Puritans. Via Media The Middle Way, Elizabeth's compromise between two extremes of Catholicism and Protestantism Weber Thesis Explained the connections between the rise of Calvinism and the rise of capitalism Marie de L'Incarnation As part of a group of nuns sent to New France to establish the Ursuline Order, Marie was crucial in the spread of Catholicism in New France. Conversos Converted Jews in Spain. They were one of the targets of the Inquisition, in 1492, the Jews were exiled and their properties were seized. Missio Hollandica Catholic missionary districts in the Low Countries, Protestant, in an attempt to reconvert Priesthood of All Believers Luther's revolutionary idea that every believer had the ability to read and interpret the Bible, that all people of faith were viewed by God as equals. spirituali Moderate movement in the Catholic Church open to dialogue and reconciliation with Protestants