dealing with offending behaviour
What are the ways of dealing with offending behaviour? - correct answer--custodial
sentencing
-behaviour modification in custody
-anger management
-restorative justice
whats custodial sentencing? - correct answer-when a court decides that punishment for a
crime should involve in custody eg prison, young offenders institute or psychiatric hospital
whats recidivism? - correct answer-reoffending
what are the aims of custodial sentencing? - correct answer--deterrence
-incapacitation
-retribution
-rehabilitation
describe deterrence as an aim of custodial sentencing - correct answer--unpleasant prison
experience is designed to put off the individual from engaging in offending behaviour as
increases fear associated with getting caught and sent to prison as shows that crime won't
be tolerated
-also prevents individuals from reoffending in light of their experience.
describe incapacitation as an aim of custodial sentencing - correct answer--acts as public
protection as prisons mean that many dangerous people are off the street, which is
reassuring for people who dont commit crime
-by using custodial sentencing these offenders dont have opportunity to continue their
crimes
-need for incapacitation is likely to depend upon the severity of the offence and the nature of
the offender eg more likely to need protection from a serial murder than someone who
doesnt pay taxes
describe rehabilitation as an aim of custodial sentencing? - correct answer--custodial
sentencing intends to help prisoners reintegrate back into society as law abiding citizens
-prisoners help to provide opportunities and there are programmes and training available
during their prison stay to provide new skills or help them with treatment fro drug addiction or
anger problems
describe retribution as an aim of custodial sentencing - correct answer--custodial sentencing
is the main way in which justice is proved for victims and their families and the level of
suffering should be proportionate to the seriousness of the offence.
, -its a highly visible way that society can see that crime will not be accepted and criminals are
paying for their crime
name the psychological affects of custodial sentencing? - correct answer--stress and
depression
-institutionalisation
-prisonisation
describe the psychological affects of custodial sentencing - correct answer-STRESS AND
DEPRESSION: suicide rates are considerably higher in prison than in the general pop, as
are incidents of self-harm. stress of prison experience also increases the risk of developing
psychological disorders following release. contributing to this are environmental issues in
prisoners eg overcrowding, threats to life and loss of liberty
INSTITUTIONALISATION: having adapted to the norms and routines of prison life, inmates
may become so accustomed to these that they are no longer able to function on the outside
eg they learn to lack autonomy as everything is done for them and aren't allowed any
independence in prison. also conform to roles whereby they develop what Zimbardo called
'pathological prisoner syndrome' and become passive and helpless
PRISONISATION: refers to the way in which prisoners are socialised into adopting an
inmate code. behaviour that may be considered unacceptable in the outside world may be
encouraged and rewarded inside the walls of the institution.
describe the problem of recidivism after custodial sentencing - correct answer--difficult to
obtain clear figures for recidivism rates eg it depends whether you are looking at reoffending
within a year of release or a longer period.
-in recent years the UK figure has been about 45% (Yukhnenko et al. 2019)
-reoffending rates vary with time period after release, age of offender, crime committed and
country
-US, Australia and Denmark regularly record rates in excess of 60%
- Norway rates may be as low as 20% (Yukhnenko et al.) as in Norway there is less
emphasis on incarceration and greater emphasis on rehabilitation and skills development
than elsewhere.
strengths of custodial sentencing - correct answer--COUNTERPOINT FOR
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS: figures in the Prison Reform Trust study doesnt include
number of inmates who were experiencing psychotic symptoms before they were
incarcerated. many may have pre-existing psychological and emotional difficulties at the time
they were convicted.importation model argues that prisoners may import some of their
psychological problems so we do not know if this is a problem with the prison regime, or
something else eg trauma of being locked away regardless of what the prison is like.
suggests there may be confounding variables that influence the link between prison and its
psychological effects.
-TRAINING AND TREATMENT: provides opportunity for training and treatment. one
objective of imprisonment is rehabilitation - offenders may become better people during their
What are the ways of dealing with offending behaviour? - correct answer--custodial
sentencing
-behaviour modification in custody
-anger management
-restorative justice
whats custodial sentencing? - correct answer-when a court decides that punishment for a
crime should involve in custody eg prison, young offenders institute or psychiatric hospital
whats recidivism? - correct answer-reoffending
what are the aims of custodial sentencing? - correct answer--deterrence
-incapacitation
-retribution
-rehabilitation
describe deterrence as an aim of custodial sentencing - correct answer--unpleasant prison
experience is designed to put off the individual from engaging in offending behaviour as
increases fear associated with getting caught and sent to prison as shows that crime won't
be tolerated
-also prevents individuals from reoffending in light of their experience.
describe incapacitation as an aim of custodial sentencing - correct answer--acts as public
protection as prisons mean that many dangerous people are off the street, which is
reassuring for people who dont commit crime
-by using custodial sentencing these offenders dont have opportunity to continue their
crimes
-need for incapacitation is likely to depend upon the severity of the offence and the nature of
the offender eg more likely to need protection from a serial murder than someone who
doesnt pay taxes
describe rehabilitation as an aim of custodial sentencing? - correct answer--custodial
sentencing intends to help prisoners reintegrate back into society as law abiding citizens
-prisoners help to provide opportunities and there are programmes and training available
during their prison stay to provide new skills or help them with treatment fro drug addiction or
anger problems
describe retribution as an aim of custodial sentencing - correct answer--custodial sentencing
is the main way in which justice is proved for victims and their families and the level of
suffering should be proportionate to the seriousness of the offence.
, -its a highly visible way that society can see that crime will not be accepted and criminals are
paying for their crime
name the psychological affects of custodial sentencing? - correct answer--stress and
depression
-institutionalisation
-prisonisation
describe the psychological affects of custodial sentencing - correct answer-STRESS AND
DEPRESSION: suicide rates are considerably higher in prison than in the general pop, as
are incidents of self-harm. stress of prison experience also increases the risk of developing
psychological disorders following release. contributing to this are environmental issues in
prisoners eg overcrowding, threats to life and loss of liberty
INSTITUTIONALISATION: having adapted to the norms and routines of prison life, inmates
may become so accustomed to these that they are no longer able to function on the outside
eg they learn to lack autonomy as everything is done for them and aren't allowed any
independence in prison. also conform to roles whereby they develop what Zimbardo called
'pathological prisoner syndrome' and become passive and helpless
PRISONISATION: refers to the way in which prisoners are socialised into adopting an
inmate code. behaviour that may be considered unacceptable in the outside world may be
encouraged and rewarded inside the walls of the institution.
describe the problem of recidivism after custodial sentencing - correct answer--difficult to
obtain clear figures for recidivism rates eg it depends whether you are looking at reoffending
within a year of release or a longer period.
-in recent years the UK figure has been about 45% (Yukhnenko et al. 2019)
-reoffending rates vary with time period after release, age of offender, crime committed and
country
-US, Australia and Denmark regularly record rates in excess of 60%
- Norway rates may be as low as 20% (Yukhnenko et al.) as in Norway there is less
emphasis on incarceration and greater emphasis on rehabilitation and skills development
than elsewhere.
strengths of custodial sentencing - correct answer--COUNTERPOINT FOR
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS: figures in the Prison Reform Trust study doesnt include
number of inmates who were experiencing psychotic symptoms before they were
incarcerated. many may have pre-existing psychological and emotional difficulties at the time
they were convicted.importation model argues that prisoners may import some of their
psychological problems so we do not know if this is a problem with the prison regime, or
something else eg trauma of being locked away regardless of what the prison is like.
suggests there may be confounding variables that influence the link between prison and its
psychological effects.
-TRAINING AND TREATMENT: provides opportunity for training and treatment. one
objective of imprisonment is rehabilitation - offenders may become better people during their
